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V-^-/ \'^-\/ V-^"/ ^n 



THE NINETIETH AERO 
SQUADRON 

AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES 



A History oj Its Activities During 
the World War, from Its Formation 
to Its Return to the United States 



COMPILED AND WRITTEN BY 

LELAND M. CARVER, GUSTAF A. LINDSTROM 
A. T. FOSTER 



EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY 

E.HAROLD GREIST 



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COPYRIGHT 1920 

E. H. GREIST 
HINSDALE. ILL. 



OCT -9 1320 
e)CI,A597719 




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'# Our Loved Comrades 

who gave their all, and 

whose example and memory 

inspired the rest of us to 

carry on — 

— this hook is dedicated. 




THE 90th Aero Squadron was created by Special 
Order 104, Headquarters Kelley Field, South 
San Antonio, Texas, on September 25, 1917. The 
men in it were largely from two detachments; one 
from Vancouver Barracks, Washington, which arrived 
at Kelley Field August 18; another from Fort Leaven- 
worth, Kansas, which arrived August 25. Both of 
these detachments had been held from the date of 
their arrival until September 25 under Recruit Camp 
Headquarters as a Provisional Squadron. The day 
after the forming of the Squadron, September 26, 
1917, under Special Order 119, Headquarters Kelley 
Field, Lieut. W. H. Y. Hackett took command. On 
September 28, Lieut. J. J. Livingston, M.R.C., with 
four enlisted men of the Medical Corps, were assigned 
to the 90th. Lieutenant Livingston has ever since 
been with the Squadron, save for the periods during 
which he was on detached service at hospitals. 

This completed the primary organization of the 
enlisted part of the Squadron. Many changes were 
to take place in the course of the next year, but the 
foundation of the esprit, which was to be so great 



a factor in the Squadron's success on the front, was 
laid. Specialized training was necessary, but nearly all 
were by trade expert mechanics, who had volunteered 
for the work to which they had been assigned and 
who were enthusiastic over the prospect of doing their 
"bit" along the lines for which they were peculiarly 
fitted. It might be taken as an augury of success and 
as an indication of the adaptability of the 90th, that 
at this time every State of the Union was represented 
by one or more men. 

On September 30, under command of Lieutenant 
Hackett, the Squadron left San Antonio for Mineola, 
Long Island, where it arrived five days later. Good 
order, good health and good spirits marked the whole 
trip. On the night of October 5 the Squadron de- 
trained, and early next morning hiked out to Field 
No. 2 of the Aviation Mobilization Camp, where they 
were quartered with the Headquarters of the First 
Provisional Wing in Barracks No. 5. Here they 
stayed for three weeks performing guard duty and 
fatigue work, and carrying on the work of organi- 
zation, equipment and preparation for overseas duty. 
Recreation was provided in the form of frequent 
twenty-four hour passes to New York City and other 
towns in the neighborhood, so that the time did not 
pass too slowly. It should be put on record that after 
the 90th had departed from Mineola its example was 
held up to succeeding squadrons as one worthy of 
emulation. 

About the middle of October rumors began to cir- 
culate as to the early departure of the Squadron for 
overseas duty, but it was not till the 26th of the month 



10 



that orders were received to pack up equipment and 
to prepare for immediate departure. The following 
day the Squadron entrained for Pier 54, North River, 
and boarded H.M.S. ''Orduna." Two officers and 
157 men were at this time on the Squadron roster. 

The crossing of the Atlantic was uneventful. The 
" Orduna " proceeded alone to Halifax, where It picked 
up seven other vessels and the convoy sailed together 
October 31 for Liverpool. Lieutenant Hackett was 
appointed Assistant Adjutant to Major Moynahan, 
165th Infantry, who commanded the troops on 
board. The quarters furnished the men were fairly 
good, and only a few cases of "mal de mer" occurred 
during the two weeks on the boat. An occasional 
submarine alarm, which always proved to be false, 
helped to while away the time. Guard duty, and two 
daily inspections at 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. were the only 
other amusements. 

On November 10 the "Orduna" moved into the 
dock at Liverpool, welcomed by numerous British ships 
in the harbor. Bands played, flags were run out, and 
the entry of the convoy seemed like a celebration. 
The troops were disembarked by three in the after- 
noon, and the 90th marched through the streets to 
the railroad station. It is safe to say that this first 
glimpse of a British city, and these first welcomes 
from a people as whose ally we had come to fight, 
made an impression which no man in the 90th will ever 
forget. 

No stop was made in Liverpool; a train was wait- 
ing and the Squadron was carried on to Southampton, 
and then given a march of an hour and a half to a 



" Rest Camp." Here the men first tried the British 
ration, and began to learn at first hand the hardships 
of the submarine blockade. 

On November 12 the Squadron crossed the Channel 
on the transport " Prince George," arriving in Havre 
early on the 13th, and marched at once to A.E.F. 
Rest Camp No. 2. Here they remained several days 
and the officers who had been temporarily attached 
at New York, as well as six first-class sergeants, were 
detached from the organization. On November 18 
the 90th made the personal acquaintance of the famous 
" Hommes 40, Chevaux 8 " box cars, entraining for 
Colombey les Belles, northeast of Neufchateau and 
south of Toul. After a long and tiresome trip, the 
destination was reached during the night of Novem- 
ber 20, and the next morning the men were billetted 
In lofts scattered through the village. 

It was now announced for the first time that the 
90th was to do road and barracks construction work 
for the time being. Naturally this came as a great 
disappointment to all, as the great ambition of every- 
one had been to get into a service squadron, and do 
work on the front. However, the experience gained 
in construction work would be valuable, and the time 
could be profitably employed In fitting the right men 
into the right places. It was with these feelings that 
officers and men set to work on the first job assigned, 
the construction of roads through what was to become 
the great American Aviation Field at Colombey. 
This lasted the rest of the year. For the first three 
months of 1918 the Squadron, together with the 88th 
and 89th Squadrons, was to start the construction of 



12 



the barracks and hangars of the Colombey Field. 
This was a piece of work of which the squadrons which 
took part might well be proud, as the buildings were 
erected with little delay in the very worst part of a par- 
ticularly severe winter. The period of apprenticeship 
was now passed and the 90th was designated as a 
Service Squadron. 

During this period of initiation to life in the A.E.F. 
there were many incidents which the men will be glad 
to remember in after years. On November 27, 1917, 
Lieutenant Schauffler, who was destined to command 
the Squadron during the greater part of its time at 
the front, brought by aeroplane the first mail it had 
received since leaving the States. That same night 
the British Aviation Field at Ochey, near by, was 
bombed, and the 90th saw from a distance a bit of 
the war. Thanksgiving Day was, of course, a holiday, 
and the 90th celebrated by beating the 2nd Engineers 
at football by a score of 12-0. On December 5, 
Colombey was treated to a German bombing raid, six 
bombs being dropped, one of them a dud. The only 
one which did much damage destroyed the house at 
No. 6 Rue Jeanne d'Arc and injured two Americans 
who were billetted there. 

Christmas Day was observed in fitting manner. At 
1 1 :30 A.M. the Squadron was formed at the Mess Hall 
and marched to Post Headquarters. Here the Stars 
and Stripes were unfurled. The Squadron then pa- 
raded through the village to the music of the 364th 
French Infantry, headed by Lieutenant Hackett. 
Then came a promotion ceremony by which four new 
sergeants, three corporals, and ten first-class privates 



13 



were created. The Christmas dinner, with roast tur- 
key as the principal dish, was a merry meal, and in 
the evening the Y. M. C. A. gave a musical entertain- 
ment in which 90th men took a large part. 

On April 13 Major Dunsworth succeeded Lieuten- 
ant Hackett as Commanding Officer, as all Service 
Squadrons at the front must be commanded by Flying 
Officers. It is fitting here that a word of appreciation 
should be given Lieutenant Hackett for his work with 
the Squadron. He set the example of efficiency which 
the 90th has always followed. Through his efforts 
the personnel of the Squadron was picked and it was 
under his guidance that the Squadron started its career. 
His success in picking the Squadron was noteworthy, 
and the numerous trips by land and water which were 
made under his leadership went off most smoothly. 
At the same time, by his fairness and firmness, he 
made himself most popular with the men under his 
command. After Major Dunsworth took command 
Lieutenant Hackett remained with the Squadron as 
Adjutant for four months. One thing which makes 
him unique among the rest of the 90th is the fact 
that he was the only one who was married while over- 
seas. On October 1 he married an American girl who 
was at that time living in Paris. Unfortunately, Lieu- 
tenant Hackett had left the Squadron at that time and 
none of the officers were able to get to his wedding 
in Paris. 

On April 15 the Squadron finally came into its own 
as a Service Squadron. Fifteen French Sopwith obser- 
vation planes arrived from Paris and six pilots were 
assigned to the Squadron. These six, the first to fly for 



the 90th, were: Lieuts. "Judge" Hill, who was later 
shot down behind the German lines; "Ernie" Giroux, 
later shot down in flames; Cannon, Eaton, Jeffers, and 
Sherry. They had all received their entire training 
in the air in France. Jeffers, Cannon and Eaton were 
honor students of the first Ground School class grad- 
uated in the United States; Hill and Giroux came to 
France in June, 1917, to join the Lafayette Escadrille, 
but enlisted instead in the American Air Service on 
arrival; "Madame" Sherry enlisted in Paris, having 
served previously as volunteer with the Transport Sec- 
tion of the American Field Service with the French 
armies. 

No flying was done for the first few days after the 
arrival of the Sopwiths, but the mechanics were as- 
signed to their respective planes and spent the time 
in studying their construction. On April 19 the 
Squadron moved to Amanty, north of Neufchateau, 
where the Observation Training Center of the 1st 
Corps was located. Here it was engaged in training 
flights. The flying personnel was changing constantly, 
pilots and observers being attached for a short time 
and then transferred to chasse or bombing squadrons. 
Naturally the breakage of planes was considerable, as 
most of the pilots had been trained on Nieuports, and 
the change to the Sopwiths proved difficult. No one, 
however, was seriously injured. 

Meantime, the organization of the Squadron as a 
fighting unit was continuing. On May 7 Lieutenant 
Looney joined as Supply Officer, a graduate of the 
Ground Officers' Training School at Kelley Field; 
Lieutenant O'Connor, Radio Officer, arrived May 13 



from the Radio School at College Park, Maryland. 
Lieutenant Lacy reported on June 6 as Armament 
Officer after training at the Springfield Armory. 

On May 18 the following pilots reported for duty: 
Lieutenants Cowle, Conover, Ellis, Greist, Livingston, 
Neidecker, Patterson, Pierson, Simpson, White, Free- 
man, Merz, Brewer, Lee, Pike, and Hathaway. 
Early in June the following observers reported : Lieu- 
tenants Adams, Francis, Maynor, Grainger, Bolt, Vin- 
son, Blekre, Hendricks, Tillman, Shuss, Sherrick, Har- 
rison, Lowe, Walden, and Sullivan, while Lieutenant 
Lockwood reported for duty as Engineering Officer, 
after having served for some time in that capacity at 
Field 7, Third Aviation Instruction Center. 

On June 13 the Squadron received its first assign- 
ment to active duty, moving to Ourches, fifteen 
kilometers due west of Toul, on the Meuse River, 
the station of the First Corps Observation Group. 
Like many divisions of Infantry the Squadron was 
to do its first real work in the famous "American" 
sector, which at that time extended from Apremont, 
east of St, Mihiel, to Remenauville, west of the Mo- 
selle. Here we were destined to remain for some 
time, till, from the air, every stick and stone of the 
sector became familiar to the pilots and observers, and 
the famous "V" in the woods north of Flirey was 
to direct many a pilot toward home and safety after 
his first trip over the lines. 

The first misson to go over the lines was a general 
reconnaissance of the sector on June 16th by a forma- 
tion consisting of Major Dunsworth, pilot, with Lieu- 
tenant Adams, observer, in No. 13, leading; Lieu- 



16 



tenant White, pilot, with Lieutenant Hendricks, 
observer, in No. 7, and Lieutenant Simpson, pilot, with 
Captain Goss, observer, in No. 15. The reconnais- 
sance covered the sector from Apremont to Xivray; 
the first compliments of the Hun to the 90th were 
received in the shape of an Archie barrage, which 
pierced Lieutenant White's plane in several places. 
Anti-aircraft fire over Apremont was reported to be 
particularly accurate by all, a note which became a 
stock feature of observers' reports in the succeeding 
months. 

Later In the day another formation went out, led 
by Lieutenant Greist, in plane No. 4, with Lieutenant 
Vinson as observer; Lieutenant Neidecker, pilot, with 
Lieutenant Tillman, observer, in No. 5 ; Lieutenants 
Patterson and Blekre, in No. 14; Lieutenants Ellis and 
Shuss, in No. 17, and Lieutenants Pierson and Maynor, 
in No. 6. The following day six missions were car- 
ried out over the sector, but for the rest of the month 
little work was done, as the sector was quiet and there 
were three squadrons to divide the work. 

On June 20 Lieut. W. G. Schauffler took command, 
vice Major Dunsworth, who left to take a course in 
aerial gunnery at Caseaux. This appointment was 
made permanent when Major Dunsworth was assigned 
in his absence to the command of the 96th Aero Squad- 
ron. Lieutenant Schauffler came to the 90th from the 
First Observation Squadron. With this squadron he 
had seen service on the Mexican border and had the 
honor of being the first pilot of an American squadron 
to fly over the front. Other important additions to 
the Squadron during this period were made by the 



17 



arrival of Lieutenant Young on June 19, Lieutenant 
Rohrer on June 26, and Lieutenants Bovard and Kins- 
ley on July 3. 

On June 25 the first casualties occurred in the Squad- 
ron, caused by an accident. Lieutenants Hathaway, 
pilot, and Maynor, observer, started at 8 A.M. on a 
reconnaissance mission. Hardly had they left the field 
when, from an altitude of 200 meters, their plane went 
into a vrille and dove into the ground with full motor. 
Both were killed instantly. The funeral was held at 
Sebastopol, near Toul, and was attended by all. Lieu- 
tenants Pierson and Harrison circled overhead in a 
plane and at the close of the service dropped flowers 
on the grave. 

yhe death of these two men, coming so soon after 
the arrival of the Squadron on the front, was very 
keenly felt. Both had been among the first in France, 
and left a host of friends who will long remember 
them. 

Lieutenant Hathaway came to France early in 1917 
as a volunteer in the American Field Service. His 
whole training in aviation was in France, beginning 
with the French Caudron School at Tours, in the early 
part of September. From this he graduated in the 
latter part of October and went to the American School 
for Advanced Training at Issoudun. He left there 
in January, 1918, to go to the American Observers 
School at Tours, there assisting in the instruction of 
observers, going from there directly to the front in 
May, where he joined the 90th at Amanty. 

Lieutenant Maynor arrived in France in September, 
1917, and after some weeks at an Artillery School, was 




XivRAV (^SV. Mihiel Sector. 



assigned to the 101st Field Artillery. He was a mem- 
ber of the first class in the school for aerial observers 
at Tours, which began work on January 14, 1918. 
After graduating, on February 22, he proceeded to 
the First Corps Observation Training Center at 
Amanty. From there he was ordered to a French 
Observation Squadron with the Eighth Army. After 
several weeks there, he took the course in aerial gun- 
nery at Cazeaux, and on its completion reported for 
duty with the 90th. 

The Fourth of July was fittingly celebrated in sev- 
eral ways; a flag raising was held; Secretary Walker 
of the Y. M. C. A. read the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence, and Lieutenant Mahan, Post Adjutant, 
delivered an address. Lieutenant Schauffler then went 
out in a biplane Spad to celebrate in the air, accom- 
panied by Lieutenant Harrison. They recalled the 
meaning of the day to the Germans by strafing several 
towns, and on the way home joined in the celebrations 
which were being held by the French in Toul, Com- 
mercy and Void, flying just over the tree tops and 
waving to the people in the streets below. 

Other additions were made to the flying personnel 
during this period. Lieutenant Bogle joined the 
Squadron on July 4. On July 13 Lieutenants Parr, 
Lindstrom, Borden, and Hayden, observers, arrived. 
Lieutenant Carver, pilot, reported July 19, and Lieu- 
Derby, observer, on the 23rd. On the 24th Lieu- 
tenant Schauffler was suddenly taken ill and had to 
be removed to the hospital. He was temporarily 
replaced in command by Lieutenant Gallup, also of 
the 1st Aero Squadron, who retained command till 



19 



September 15. Lieutenant Wallace joined the Squad- 
ron on August 24, replacing Lieutenant Lockwood as 
Engineering Officer, he becoming temporarily Trans- 
portation Officer. Lieutenant Wallace had trained in 
the Aviation Engineering School at the Massachusetts 
Institute of Technology, and very soon after his arrival 
with the 90th made a record for upkeep of motors and 
planes which no other Squadron has ever surpassed. 
On the departure of Lieutenant Hackett, Lieutenant 
Lockwood was made Adjutant. 

The work during July was the regular aerial work 
for a Corps Squadron on a quiet sector. Two regular 
reconnaissances were made each day and during good 
weather photographic missions were carried out. The 
90th was alone on the field and took care of all the 
work assigned to the 4th Corps Observation Group. 

The French Sopwiths, with which the Squadron did 
all their early work, never proved very satisfactory on 
the front. They were rather slow, and their elastic 
construction never inspired a great deal of confidence. 
Hence it was with great relief that the Squadron saw 
the " Sops " being replaced with other ships, though at 
first these latter were of several types, and made of 
the 90th the strangest hybrid Squadron in the A.E.F. 
Early in July a few biplane Spads arrived. On July 
19 the first of the Salmsons arrived, piloted from Co- 
lombey by Lieutenant Cowle, and it was rapidly fol- 
lowed by others. Shortly afterward three Breguets 
were assigned to us, so that on July 31 the Squadron 
equipment included sixteen Salmsons, eight Sopwiths, 
four Spads, and three Breguets. This was an assort- 
ment which must have given many a German Intelli- 
gence Officer some hard moments identifying. 



20 



The object of the Breguets was to give the Squadron 
practice in night flying. This had been attempted in 
Sopwiths, but had resulted only in the salvaging of 
numerous machines. After the arrival of the Breguets 
the experiment was once more undertaken, but without 
success. The field was absolutely unsuited for any 
such work. It was on top of a hill which sloped pre- 
cipitously on all sides into deep valleys. Consequently, 
in landing in the dark, there was a great tendency 
to underestimate the slope, and a crash into the side 
of the hill was the natural consequence. Fortunately, 
no one was seriously hurt in this work; the worst 
injuries were received by Major Anderson, who 
received a cut on the face when he, with Lieutenant 
Kirwan, Group Observation Officer, as observer, 
crashed into the hill in landing. The only really suc- 
cessful night flight was made by Lieutenants Young and 
Harrison, who went up with the idea of protecting the 
field against bombing raids, and after staying up for 
over an hour, made a good landing. After two of 
the Breguets had been salvaged, the remaining one 
was rescued by an order suspending the experimnt. 

On the night of July 31, at about half past ten, the 
90th was host to a small German bombing party. The 
officers and men heard the planes overhead, and identi- 
fied them as German by the sound of their motors, 
which were suddenly cut, and the machines glided 
down toward the field, heading toward the Spad 
hangar. They dropped seven small bombs, three of 
which landed within twenty feet of the hangars; but 
by great good fortune did no damage beyond a few 



21 



holes In the field, and these were filled in before day- 
light in order that no photographic reconnaissance by 
the Germans would reveal how close they came to 
accomplishing their end. 

It was about this time that the division of the squad- 
ron into flights was made. Lieutenants White, Greist, 
and Pierson were appointed Commanders of A, B, and 
C Flights, respectively. At the same time the Flights 
selected their colors: A Flight, white, probably in 
compliment to its commander; B Flight, orange, and 
C Flight, red. 

On August 4 the first Infantry Contact mission was 
assigned to the 90th, the work of which it was later 
to do so much, and by which it gained its reputation 
of being a "Shock Squadron." A *'coup de main" 
by the Infantry was being carried out northeast of 
Flirey. Lieutenants White and Sherrick were detailed 
to carry out the mission at dawn and report on the 
attainment of the objective four kilometers beyond the 
old German lines. In spite of extremely bad weather 
conditions, a contrary wind and low clouds with fre- 
quent showers, the mission was quite successful, and 
valuable information as to the progress of the raid 
was brought back. 

In the early part of August the 135th Aero Squadron 
joined the 90th at Ourches, and for the balance of the 
month the Corps work was split between the two 
Squadrons. The 135th was the first Squadron on the 
front with the American-built De Haviland 4's with 
Liberty motors, and as such created considerable atten- 
tion. Their first flight over the lines was on August 
10. As they were new to the sector, they requested 



22 



Lieutenant White of the 90th to take the place of 
one of their pilots who was ill, and to lead their forma- 
tion. This he did. Weather conditions were unfav- 
orable, and the formation broke up, but to Lieutenant 
White belongs the distinction of having taken the first 
Liberty over the active front. 

In addition to the regular corps work which the 
90th was doing, they carried out a considerable num- 
ber of Infantry Contact patrols near Chaumont, taking 
part in exercises with newly arrived divisions. A few 
adjustments of artillery with French batteries in the 
woods north of Boucq were also carried out. 

On September 7 Lieutenants Lake, Burger, and 
Grier joined the Squadron. They had served several 
months with the French Caudron 46 Escadrille as 
Machine Gunners and had flown on many protection 
flights for daylight bombing raids. They had all been 
decorated with the Croix de Guerre. Lieutenants 
Hart, Broomfield, and Dorrance arrived from pilots' 
school on the same day. 

The first work of great importance which came to 
the Squadron was its part in the operations which 
resulted in the clearing of the St. Mihiel salent, Sep- 
tember 12-14, 1918. The two weeks preceeding were 
spent in much careful preparatory work. A great deal 
of photographic work was done, among other missions 
being the photographing of the lines from Apremont 
to Limy at an altitude of 350 meters, by Lieutenant 
Lindstrom, observer, and Lieutenant Carver, pilot. 
Maps were prepared with great care and all was made 
ready for "D" day and "H" hour. On September 
12 the 90th had available for duty eighteen pilots, 



23 



thirteen observers, and three machine gunners. The 
Squadron had twenty-five Salmsons on hand, all of 
which were available for duty. The planes were all 
armed with Vickers guns firing through the propeller for 
the pilot, and two Lewis flexible guns for the observer, 
these being mounted on a tourelle. Two days before 
the attack each team was assigned to its particular duty 
during the attack. Every man became absorbed in 
studying his particular task. From then on, till " H " 
hour arrived, the enthusiasm and earnest endeavor of 
every man in the Squadron seemed to charge the 
atmosphere with a spirit that spelled success. The 
under current of enthusiasm revealed itself particularly 
at the Squadron mess. The spirit of the 90th and its 
determination to "do" was evidenced in the songs, 
the toasts, and the general feeling of good-fellowship 
which pervaded the atmosphere at mess. With such 
a spirit success was bound to come. 

The night of September 1 1 was one which will 
always remain fixed in the memory of the flying offi- 
cers; pilots and observers were called together about 
8 P.M., as soon as it was definitely learned that the 
attack would be made the next day. Major McNar- 
ney, the Group Commander, gave the Group a few 
last hints as to the methods to be used in their work. 
Aviation, he said, was a very essential part of the 
attack, and whatever the weather, the missions were 
to be performed as long as it was physically possible 
for the planes to take off. It was known that the 
barrage was to be a particularly dense one, but there 
must be no hesitation to go through it. From conver- 
sation with French officers the impression had been 



24 



gained that Infantry contact was at best a hazardous 
game; that any team that carried out more than one 
was entitled to the greatest credit, and could have done 
it only because favored by chance. As three trips 
were scheduled for each man on the following day, 
there seemed to be need of great good luck for the 
Squadron to come through unscathed. 

The day finally arrived and with it probably the 
worst weather in which a Squadron ever attemped 
to carry on major aerial operations. The first mis- 
sion, an Infantry liaison — Lieutenant Rohrer, pilot, 
with Lieutenant Vinson as observer — left the ground 
at 5 :20 a.m., in spite of a high west wind and a ceiling 
of about 300 meters. These conditions prevailed 
throughout the greater part of the day, with low- 
hanging, heavy clouds and intermittent, heavy showers. 
The 90th was working with the famous 42nd or Rain- 
bow Division, and throughout the course of the day's 
advance faithfully recorded the progress made by the 
Infantry, and was practically the only reliable liaison 
between the advancing troops and the Division Head- 
quarters. 

As was to be expected, flying at such extremely low 
altitudes, due to the clouds and rain, the 90th planes 
were not to get through the day untouched. Early 
in the day, Lieutenant Young, Pilot, and Lieutenant 
Bogle, Observer, had the radiator of their plane 
pierced by machine gun bullets fired from the ground, 
while flying at an altitude of about 50 meters in the 
vicinity of Thiaucourt. So near were they to crashing 
behind the German lines that at one time, with the 
wheels of the plane nearly on the ground, the German 



25 



Infantrymen ran In their direction, expecting the plane 
to crash In a shell hole. However, Lieutenant Young 
brought the plane back into friendly territory, finally 
landing just behind the advancing American lines. 
They at once delivered their information, and then, 
making use of any transportation going toward the 
Squadron, they made their way back in time for Lieu- 
tenant Bogle to go up on another mission late in the 
afternoon. 

Lieutenant Kinsley, with Lieutenant Lowe, Ob- 
server, had a similar experience while carrying out an 
Infantry contract mission later In the day, but being 
nearer to our lines when it happened. Lieutenant Kins- 
ley was able to bring the plane back as far as Corps 
Headquarters, where they landed and delivered their 
information. 

On September 12 the 90th made twenty-six sorties, 
and in no case did a plane fail to carry out Is mission 
successfully. 

September 13, the second day of the attack, was 
very much a repetition of the first day. The Infantry 
continued to advance, attaining their forty-eight-hour 
objective in twenty-seven hours, and the Squadron 
planes reported the progress of the troops from hour 
to hour. 

In the attack the chief work of the Observers con- 
sisted of finding and reporting to the rear the position 
of our front line, the location of hostile strong points, 
surveillance for enemy counter-attack, and the harass- 
ing of the retreating enemy by machine gun fire. 

September 15 Lieutenant Schaufller returned from 
the hospital and assumed command. 



26 



The following letters of appreciation were received 
by the Squadron as a result of the satisfactory work 
done by the Squadron during the attack: 

HEADQUARTERS 67th F. A. BRIGADE 

American Expeditionary Forces 
France 

September 15, 1918. 
FROM : The Adjutant. 
TO : Commanding Officer, 90th Aero Squadron, 4th 

Obs. Group. 
SUBJECT: Recent Operations. 

1. The Brigade Commander directs me to express to you 
his appreciation of the efficient service of your Squadron in 
connection with this Brigade during the recent operations in 
the St. Mihiel salient. The service of your command has been 
most efficient and satisfactory. 

C. H. NANCE, 
Major, F. A., U. S. A. 



AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES 

September 15, 1918. 



FROM 

TO 

SUBJECT 



Commanding General, 42nd Division. 
Chief of Air Service, Amer. E. F. 
Expression of Appreciation. 
1. It is desired to express appreciation of the work done by 
the 90th Aero Squadron, 4th Corps, Observation Group, dur- 
ing the recent operations. This Squadron, continually on duty, 
rendered most excellent service to the Division in furnishing 
valuable information promptly with regard to the advance made 
by our own elements and movements of enemy forces; also in 
regulating our artillery fire and the spotting of fugitive targets. 
(Signed) CHAS. T. MENOHER, 

Major General, U. S. A. 



27 



AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES 
Office of Chief of Air Service 

September 25, 1918. 

FROM : C A. S. 

TO : Commanding Officer, 90th Aero Squadron 

(Through C. A. S., 4th Corps). 
SUBJECT: Appreciation. 

1. I take great pleasure in transmitting to you a letter of 
appreciation from the Commanding General, 42nd Division, for 
the excellent work done by your Squadron during the recent 
operations. 

2. This appreciation may have already reached you, but the 
Chief of the Air Service takes great pleasure in adding his 
appreciation to that of the Commanding General, 42nd Divi- 
sion, and in thanking you and the officers and men under your 
command for the fine part you and they have played in the 
recent operations. By direction of the C. A. S., 

H. C. WHITEHEAD, 

Colonel, A. S. 
***** 
HEADQUARTERS AIR SERVICE 
4th Army Corps 

October 1, 1918. 
FROM : Chief of Air Service, 4th Army Corps. 
TO : Commanding Officer, 90th Aero Squadron 

(Through C. O. Observation Group, 3rd 
Army Corps). 
SUBJECT: Appreciation. 

1. I wish to forward the inclosed letter of appreciation with 
my congratulations. It is a great pleasure to command units 
which conduct themselves as the 90th did during the St. Mihiel 
operations. (Signed) H. B. ANDERSON, 

Major, Air Service, U. S. A. 



28 



From September 15 to 20 the Squadron made sev- 
eral daily reconnaissances of its sector and carried out 
several photographic missions. On September 13 
Lieutenant Carver, Pilot, and Lieutenant LIndstrom, 
Observer, took oblique views of the various towns in 
the 42nd Division's sector of the salient, and on Sep- 
tember 15 photographed the Hindenburg Line from 
Rembercourt to the Lac de La Chaussee, both missions 
being carried out from an altitude of 300 meters. 
On September 16 Lieutenant Pierson, Pilot, and Lieu- 
tenant Hayden, Observer, although harassed by intense 
Archie fire, photographed the Hindenburg Line and 
territory in the rear of the German lines. On Sep- 
tember 14 Lieutenant Conover, Pilot, and Lieutenant 
Lindstrom, Observer, started on a photo mission which 
covered the territory in the rear of the lines between 
Rembercourt and La Chausse. They started out with 
chasse protection, but for some reason these planes soon 
became separated from them; nevertheless, they con- 
tinued the mission and completed it successfully. 

On September 20 the Squadron moved from Ourches 
to Souilly, southwest of Verdun, transferring from the 
4th Corps to the 3rd Corps, First Army. With this 
it was to work during the Argonne-Meuse offensive, 
which terminated only with the armistice. In spite 
of the long distance which the Squadron moved, there 
was no great delay in activity, and in a day or so the 
Squadron was operating on the new sector. From 
September 22 to 26 the Squadron made only short 
reconnaissance flights back of the American lines to 
acquaint the flying personnel with the new sector. 
This was in order that the enemy might not notice 



29 



increased aerial activity on the sector and foresee the 
coming attack. 

On September 24 Captain Foster, and Lieutenants 
Cutter, Foster, and Elliott, joined the Squadron. As 
there were then no vacancies In the teams, they were 
left temporarily without definite assignments. 

The American First Army struck the first blow of 
the Argonne-Meuse offensive on the morning of Sep- 
tember 26, and offensive operations continued almost 
without cessation until November 11. At the start 
the 90th was operating with two divisions of the 3rd 
Corps, but on October 11, one-half of the Squadron 
was assigned to duty with the 17th French Corps on 
the east bank of the Meuse. The Squadron continued 
to operate from the airdrome at Souilly, under orders 
of the Third Observation Group, Captain Littauer 
commanding. 

The Squadron worked with the 80th Division from 
September 26 to October 11 ; with the 33rd from Sep- 
tember 26 to October 22; on the west bank of the 
Meuse. On October 11 the 5th Division relieved the 
80th and we continued our work with It. On October 
22 the Squadron was attached to the 90th Division, 
on the west bank of the Meuse, and In the neighbor- 
hood of Romagne and eastward. In place of the 5th 
Division. Till October 22 the Squadron worked with 
the 29th Division on the east bank of the Meuse, until 
this Division was relieved by the 79th, with whom 
work was continued until the cessation of hostilities. 
The Squadron also continued work with the 90th Divi- 
sion until November 11. 

During this time the closest possible relations were 



30 




CuNEL {Argonne-Meuse Sector) 
Mine Craters {Argonne Forest) 



maintained between the Squadron and the Divisions 
with which it was working, by the Squadron's liaison 
officers maintained at Divisional Headquarters. This 
was an experiment never tried before September 12, 
and was to improve the understanding between the 
Aviation and the Line. It had been found that line 
officers did not understand the nature of aerial work, 
and that communication between Divisions and their 
supporting Squadrons was often too slow. Lieutenant 
Frances and Lieutenant Vinson eventually became our 
liaison officers. They remained constantly at the 
Headquarters of the Divisions with which we were 
working, reporting daily to the Squadron Operations 
Officer by telephone, and rendered invaluable aid in 
maintaining close relations between the units. 

The 3rd Corps Group at the same time established 
a Liaison School for the officers of the Divisions with 
which it was working. Detachments from the 5th, 
33rd, and 90th Divisions, each of about two hundred 
men and several officers, spent in turn several days 
with the group, the officers being entertained by the 
90th Squadron during their stay. The training was 
doubtless of value and the intimacy which grew up 
between the men on the ground and the men In the 
air certainly increased the Interest each took In the 
work of the other. 

As in the St. Mlhiel operations, the Squadron had 
to contend with very bad weather. Owing to the 
season of the year and the proximity of the Meuse 
River Valley, the atmospheric conditions were almost 
always unfavorable. Heavy clouds and constant rains 
increased the difficulty of reconnaissances. The ground 



mists of the mornings, which seldom cleared up before 
10 or 11 o'clock, added much to the difficulty. But 
in spite of the poor visibility which made the average 
altitude at which the planes could work about 300 
meters, several daily reconnaissances were made. Fly- 
ing at a very low altitude, the Squadron planes daily 
penetrated the hostile lines to a depth of from three 
to five kilometers, bringing back information as to 
our own front line, position of hostile troops, batteries 
in action, fires, explosions, etc., and frequently a col- 
lection of bullet holes in the plane. This is considered 
probably the most dangerous and difficult work an 
Observation Squadron has to perform. 

Artillery work was not as successful as Infantry. 
This was chiefly due to bad weather, which made it 
impossible to attain the necessary altitude. When a 
clear day would finally come, the batteries would per- 
haps be moving or be found unable for some reason 
or another to carry out the reglage desired. 

October 17, Lieutenant Adams, who had been Oper- 
ations Officer since June, left to become instructor in 
the aerial gunnery school at St. Jean du Mont. 
When Lieutenant Adams came to the Squadron he had 
had very little experience on the front, and the position 
of Operations Officer is one which, more than any 
other, requires an intimate knowledge of observation 
work. In spite of this, he handled the mass of detail 
constantly passing through his hands with accuracy 
and dispatch, and never was any fault found with the 
way in which the 90th did its work under his super- 
intendence. It was said of "Mort" that he would 
ask no one to undertake a mission which he would 



32 




^?5T'^^1 



not undertake himself. And when a particularly dan- 
gerous or difficult mission was in hand, it was usually 
"Mort" who went out. 

On October 22 Lieutenant Schauffler received his 
Captaincy, and was at about the same time made Group 
Commander. The Squadron was sorry to lose the 
CO, with whom they had worked so long and harmoni- 
ously over the front, but glad to see his merit recog- 
nized by the promotion. As a pilot, Captain Schauffler 
was second to none in skill and experience, and he 
loved the game. While in the hospital in September, 
he heard of the drive being made at St. Mihiel, and 
though only convalescent at the time, he ran away 
from the hospital, and arrived back at the Squadron 
in time to take an active part in the drive. " Schauff " 
was always most popular with the officers and men, and 
besides looking after the numerous details incidental 
to the running of the Squadron efficiently, he took an 
active part in the performance of missions over the 
lines. 

Numerous other changes took place. Lieut. Norris 
E. Pierson, who had been with the Squadron since the 
Amanty days, and who was thoroughly familiar with 
the personnel, system and traditions of the Squadron, 
assumed command. Captain Schauffler took with him 
Lieutenant " Charlie " Lockwood, who had served the 
Squadron both as Engineering Officer, Transportation 
Officer, and Adjutant, and had made an eviable record 
for zeal and efficiency in each capacity. He became 
Group Adjutant. Lieutenants Tillman and Sherrick 
also went with the Group as Operations Officer and 
Assistant Operations Officer, respectively. Lieutenant 



Walden left the Squadron to become Operations Offi- 
cer of the 93rd Aero Squadron. Lieut. "Marine" 
Lowe became Squadron Operations Officer, and Lieu- 
tenant Hayden became Adjutant. Lieutenant White- 
head joined the Squadron as Pilot. 

October 21 marked a very sad event in the history 
of the Squadron — the death of Lieutenants Broom- 
field and Cutter over the lines. They left the field 
at about 10 a.m. on an Infantry contact mission, to 
discover whether our troops had taken Hill 299, east 
of the Bois de Rappes. They never returned, and 
it is believed were shot down by machine gun fire from 
the ground. In November, when our troops advanced, 
the wrecked plane was found on Hill 299, and Lieu- 
tenants Cutter and Broomfield were given a proper 
burial at Souilly. 

Lieutenant Broomfield had graduated from Tours 
and Issoudun as Observation Pilot, and had taken the 
aerial gunnery course at Cazeaux. While he had been 
with the Squadron, he had frequently demonstrated 
his skill as a pilot and his efficiency was proved by 
his able management of the field at Ourches during the 
St. Mihiel drive. 

Lieutenant Cutter was in the Minnesota National 
Guards at the outbreak of the war, and served as an 
officer in the Artillery until detailed in January to take 
the Aerial Observer's course at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. 
After graduating there he attended the Gunnery 
School at Fort Worth, Texas; then, coming to France 
in July, he took a short course at Tours in observation 
and gunnery, and proceeded directly to the Squadron 
at Souilly. 



34 



On October 28, Lieutenants Conover and Burger 
were out on an Infantry contact mission, and were 
diving on enemy machine gun nests which were hold- 
ing up the advance of the Infantry, when machine gun 
bullets from the ground severely wounded Lieutenant 
Conover in the knee. In spite of this, he flew the 
plane back to our lines and managed to land safely 
without crashing, on the west bank of the Meuse, about 
five kilometers behind our front lines. They brought 
back valuable information which was at once trans- 
mitted to Division Headquarters, after which Lieu- 
tenant Conover was taken to the hospital, and has since 
been unable to rejoin the Squadron, being invalided 
back to the States. He had always been the one to 
start the song after the dinner table had been cleared, 
and his absence was felt as a keen loss by all. 

As a result of the good work done by the Squadron 
during the October operations north of Verdun, it 
received the following letters of commendation from 
the 33rd Division, with which it had worked: 

HEADQUARTERS 33rd DIVISION 

American Expeditionary Forces 
France 

October 20, 1918. 
FROM : Commanding General, 33rd Division. 
TO : Commanding Officer, 90th Aero Squadron, 

Amer. E. F. 
SUBJECT: Service with 33rd Division. 

1. As the 33rd Division is about to withdrav^^ from this 
section of the line, I imagine the services with the Division of 
the 90th Aero Squadron will end, at least for the time being. 
Consequently I wish to express to you at this time my appre- 



35 



elation for the valuable and efficient work the Squadron has 
done with us during the operations. You have met all our 
requests with willing compliance unless prevented unquestion- 
ably by the elements. Your greatest cooperation has been in 
assisting us in locating our lines, which you have done repeat- 
edly with uniform success and accuracy. 

GEORGE BELL, Jr., 
Major General, U. S. A. 
***** 

West Bank of River, 
30th Sept., 1918. 
90th Aero Squadron. 

Gentlemen: Many thanks for cigarettes and newspapers 
dropped to us. It sure made us feel fine to know that others 
were thinking of us. These are the things that make us want 
to go ahead. Sincerely, 

LOUIS PRESTON, 

Capt. 131st Inf. 
Commanding Co. B, 33rd Division. 

G-1 October 15, 1918. 

GENERAL ORDERS No. 135 
Officers, noncommissioned officers and enlisted men of the 29th 

and 33rd. 

D.LU.S., 18th, 26th, D.L and 10th, D.I.C. 

You have conquered Lawavrille, the wood Des Caures 
and that of D'Haumont, you have reached the summit of 
Ormont, gone beyond the Rechene and the woods of 
Chaume. 

The Austro-Germans have lost, on curved front of 15 
kilometers, those arrogant observation posts which have defied 
the heroic defenders of Verdun. 

On the 8th of October you advanced in a magnificent man- 
ner, on formidable slopes and through powerful and echelon 
organizations. 



36 



On the following day you pursued an obstinate advance 
which checked all the enemy counter-attacks ; you compelled him 
to bring up numerous reinforcements in a hurry, which did not 
succeed in taking back one foot of conquered ground. 

5,800 prisoners, more than 50 guns, machine guns and 
material which has not yet been counted, are the booty of these 
magnificent days. 

All of you infantrymen, artillerymen, engineers, aviators, 
staff and other branches of the service have their part in the 
success. 

American soldiers, French white and black soldiers, you 
have vied with each other in valor and comradeship during the 
combat, and weakened the menace which still threatens the 
Immortal City. 

I am proud to have you under my command. 

COMMANDING GENERAL OF 17th FRENCH 
CORPS. (Signed) CLAUDEL. 

Translated from the French by order of Captain VIGNON, 
C.A.S., 17th French Corps. J. TONGAS, 

First Lieut. F.A., French Liaison Officer. 

Owing to the rapid advance which the American 
First Army had made up to the last of October and 
the still more rapid advance which was contemplated, 
it was decided to be necessary for the 3rd Corps Group 
to be nearer the front line. Near Bethelainvllle was 
a high plateau which had previously been known as 
the only place in the sector where a forced landing 
could be made with any safety. It was far from level, 
very muddy, and had many shell holes. After the 
first drive, however, it was out of range of all but 
the heaviest Artillery, so it was this field which was 
chosen. Barracks and hangars were erected in the 
Bois de Hesse, a stone road built leading up to the 



37 



field, and on October 29 the 90th moved up. The 
88th, 284th (French), and Group Headquarters fol- 
lowed a few days later. 

The 90th was complimented by Corps Headquarters 
for the manner in which work was continued without 
interruption during the moving. Several planes took 
off in the morning from the Souilly field, and after 
accomplishing their missions, landed on the new field 
and made their reports. 

Operations from Bethelainville proved most difficult. 
The field was isolated from all bases of supplies, the 
very uneven terrain was the cause of constant break- 
age of axles, and the mud made the transportation of 
supplies impossible without the use of caterpillar 
tractors. 

While here, the last remaining team of those formed 
in August was broken up. Lieutenants Carver and 
Lindstrom set out on a reconnaissance the morning of 
November 4. The cloud level was at 200 meters, and 
just after diving through these clouds at a point a few 
miles north of Cunel, the front cowl suddenly blew 
off, and back into the flying wires, probably through 
the wire holding it having been cut. Lieutenant 
Carver attempted to land, after pointing the plane 
south, but either because of the added wind resistance 
from the hanking cowl, or through the elevator wires 
having been cut by fire from the ground, it was impos- 
sible to redress for the landing, and the plane crashed 
nose first into a shell hole north of Cunel. Lieutenant 
Carver's injuries were quite serious, among them a 
dislocated hip, sprained knee and ankle, and severe cuts 
on the face. Lieutenant Lindstrom's face was cut and 



38 



bruised, but otherwise he was all right. The plane 
was totally demolished, the fuselage breaking in two 
pieces near the pilot's seat. Lieutenant Carver was 
discharged from the hospital January 7, 1919, and 
rejoined the Squadron at Belrain, Meuse. 

The 90th reported constantly on the progress of 
the 90th and 79th Divisions during the stirring days 
just before the armistice, and rendered valuable aid 
in harassing the retreating Boche troops in their flight 
northward. Lieutenant Greist, with Lieutenant Wil- 
kinson, Observer, in a flight made a day or so before 
the armistice, gave material assistance to a platoon of 
the 314th Infantry (79th Division), which had gotten 
into difficulty, and later discovered that it was com- 
manded by Lieutenant Pierson, brother of our Com- 
manding Officer. 

Following the armistice little flying was done, most 
of the old pilots and observers being absent on leave 
or returning to the States. Lieutenant Greist, with 
Lieutenant Stevens, Photographic Officer of the 3rd 
Corps Observation Group, took some very fine oblique 
views of the devastated country north of Verdun, as 
well as of Verdun itself, while the pilots who arrived 
at the Squadron at the time of the armistice or later, 
amused themselves by wrecking most of the remaining 
planes and some of the new observers. The Squadron 
received word that it was to return to the States, surely 
a thing not to be regarded lightly, and the rest of the 
planes were turned in to the 1st Air Depot, and by 
January 15 practically all of the pilots and observers 
had been detached from the Squadron, which at that 



39 



time found itself at Belrain, near Bar-le-Duc, whence 
it had moved from Bethelainville. 

January 18 the Squadron took another step toward 
home, moving to Colombey les Belles, where it had 
commenced the building, in November, 1917, of the 
1st Air Depot. Very comfortable quarters were 
assigned and the Squadron settled down to await orders 
to the coast. 

The following are the officers who accompanied the 
Squadron to Libourne: 

First Lieut. Norris E. Pierson, A.S. U.S.A., Commanding 
Officer. 

First Lieut. E. Harold Greist, A.S. U.S.A., Adjutant and 
Flight Commander. 

First Lieut. Loren E. Rohrer, A.S. U.SA., Flight Com- 
mander. 

First Lieut. Leland M. Carver, A.S. U.S.A., Flight Com- 
mander. 

First Lieut. William O. Lowe, U.S.M.C, Operations 
Officer. 

First Lieut. Glenn M. Pike, A.S. U.S.A., Pilot. 

First Lieut. J. J. Livingston, M.C. U.S.A., Surgeon. 

First Lieut. Ralph G. Looney, A.S. U.S.A., Supply Officer. 

Second Lieut. John H. Wallace, A.S. U.S.A., Engineering 
Officer. 

Second Lieut. Clive W. Lacy, Ord. U.S.A., Ordnance 
Officer. 

Second Lieut. Arthur J. O'Connor, AS. U.S.A., Radio 
Officer. 

The Squadron left Colombey les Belles January 25, 
1919, en route for the Port of Embarkation. The 
travel directed was accomplished in the French variety 



40 



Bois DE Forges {Meuse Sector) 



of Side-door Pullmans, otherwise known to fame as 
"Hommes 40, Chevaux 8," and was said to be neces- 
sary in the military service. Through the initiative 
of our men stoves were installed, which made the 
journey bearable in spite of the considerable cold 
weather encountered. Our actual destination proved 
to be the pretty little village of St. Denis de Piles, 
near Libourne, Gironde, and the officers and enlisted 
personnel occupied excellent billets, which had been 
arranged for by the advance party under command of 
Lieutenant Rohrer. 

On February 3, after five days spent at St. Denis, 
the Squadron was ordered to Libourne, the next step 
on the way home. There we occupied the old stone 
French barracks, while the officers were billeted at 
private houses throughout the town. The time was 
spent in drilling, fatigue work, and other recreation, 
including the famous outdoor sport of "making big 
ones into little ones," which the men all thoroughly 
enjoyed . (???). 

On February 22, Lieutenant Pierson received his 
promotion to a Captaincy, for which he and the Flight 
Commanders had been recommended prior to the 
armistice. 

March 10, Lieutenant Pike left the Squadron to 
proceed to Poland as a member of the American Food 
Commission, and shortly after Lieut. J. J. Livingston, 
our Medical Officer since the formation of the Squad- 
ron at Kelley Field, left to take a course of study at 
the A.E.F. University at Beaume. March 21, Lieu- 
tenant Greist, who had been a Flight Commander 
since the Squadron arrived at the front, and who had 



41 



served as Adjutant since shortly after the armistice, 
was detached to go home as a casual, on account oi 
the receipt of news of illness in his family. Lieutenant 
Rohrer was appointed Adjutant to succeed him. 

On April 10, Lieutenant Lowe learned from a Navy 
Department order that he had been a Captain since 
July 8, 1918. 

The Squadron remained at Libourne until April 10, 
when the long-awaited order to proceed to the Em- 
barkation Camp at last arrived. The trip to Genicart 
was made in one day by marching, and the Squadron 
entered Camp No. 1, the first stage in the process 
through the Embarkation Camp. After two days 
here, the next step was taken, the Squadron going to 
Camp No. 2, entering by way of the " mill," where 
delousing and the physical examinations took place. 
All the members of the 90th were pronounced "fit," 
and there remained only to wait for the boat to be 
designated. 

After two or three disappointments we were ordered 
on board the U.S.S. "General Goethals," but unfor- 
tunately, owing to the small size of the boat and the 
consequent limitations in staterooms for the officers, the 
Squadron was allowed to take but three officers, those 
accompanying Captain Pierson being Captain Alger, 
M.C., U.S.A., who was assigned to the Squadron as 
Medical Officer at the Embarkation Camp, and Lieu- 
tenant Carver, as Adjutant. The other officers were 
detached, and sailed the same day, April 20, Easter 
Sunday, on board the U.S.S. " Susquehanna." 

The voyage was very uneventful, especially com- 
pared to the excitement of the trip across, when sub- 



42 



marines were a constant menace, and the men passed 
the time in reading and sleeping. The only excitement 
was when a porpoise jumped alongside the steamer, or 
when another steamer was sighted, which occurred but 
seldom. The weather was unusually good, only one 
storm, of two days' duration, being encountered. 

Land was finally sighted at 5 a.m.. May 3, and we 
docked in Hoboken at 10 a.m., after a voyage of 
thirteen days. 

Pie and coffee were served on the dock, after which 
the ferry took us to a Long Island train, from which 
we unloaded near Camp Mills. A brief march 
brought us to camp, where we were assigned to bar- 
racks. 

At midnight the Squadron made the acquaintance 
of the American variety of delouser, and blouses suf- 
fered severely from the wet steam. 

May 4, at 8 a.m., the Squadron marched over to 
Field No. 2, Garden City, and the work of demobili- 
zation was begun. 

At this stage the 90th lost the services of Sergeants 
Hankins and Byrth, who became ill. 

Captain Alger and the Medical Detachment were de- 
tached and assigned to duty with the Camp Hospital. 
A few days later Sergeant-Major Greer, M.E.A.S., 
who had also been with the Squadron from the begin- 
ning, became ill, and was transferred to the hospital 
for treatment, M.E.A.S. Rich replacing him. 

Sergeant Greer had earned his grade after starting 
as a private, his work in the office being of so high 
a grade as to win constant recognition and steady 
advancement, and it was greatly regretted that he had 



43 



to leave during the pressing work of demobilization. 
Sergeant Rich, who took his place, proved equal to 
the occasion, and earned special commendation for his 
efficient service. 

After two weeks of paper work, it was finally com- 
pleted, and orders received sending the men to the 
various discharge camps throughout the country. 

The time was passed by the men in New York City 
for the most part, as no passes were needed to leave 
camp, and the men were not slow to avail themselves 
of the opportunity afforded. 

The last detachments entrained May 22, and Cap- 
tain Pierson and Lieutenant Carver received their 
orders relieving them from duty with the 90th. 

There remained of the Squadron but the three 
Regular Army men, headed by Sergeant Richardson, 
who were to form the nucleus of the new 90th, as the 
name is to be preserved, and vested in a Regular 
Army Squadron, to commemorate the work of the 90th 
in France. 

As Lieutenant Looney, the old Supply Officer, had 
just arrived in camp, he was assigned to take the 90th 
to Kelley Field, where it arrived May 25, after having 
been absent, in service, for nearly two years. 

Special mention should be made of the work of 
Supply Sergeant Jones, and Sergeants Hankins, Blake, 
Johnston, York, Chew, Louis Hill, and Sill. To do 
real justice, in fact, the Squadron roster might be 
cited, for all did their duty, with a will that made the 
90th the success it was. 

Since the St. Mihiel drive the 90th has been called 
a "Shock Squadron." For almost two months, with- 



out any relaxation, it carried on the difficult part 
assigned to Divisional Squadrons in offensive and open 
warfare. During that time missions were carried out 
in all kinds of weather, good and bad, but usually bad, 
and the results accomplished, as seen from the Observ- 
ers' reports and the many letters of commendation 
and appreciation received from the Divisions for which 
it was working, were of the utmost value to these units. 
The 90th has a right to feel that its work will be put 
on record and that the " Red Dice " will long be 
remembered. Our only regrets come from the loss 
of our four comrades who died while serving the uni- 
versal cause with us, as well as of our friend, who, 
after bearing his part courageously and cheerfully 
throughout the five months which the Squadron spent 
on the front, was destined never to return to the United 
States. Compared to many other Squadrons, our list 
of casualties has been small, but the memory of those 
with whom we worked who made the supreme sacrifice 
from our midst, will live with us forever. 



S«t»»SON 

f 



45 



MEMORABLE INCIDENTS 

THE greatest danger to the 90th, In spite of their 
large number of combats, came not from enemy 
planes, but from the enemy on the ground, and from 
bad weather conditions. It is impossible to mention 
individually all the difficult missions accomplished. A 
few types only are picked out to illustrate. 

On October 8, the 33rd Division, attached to the 
17th French Army Corps, was advancing east of Con- 
senvoye. Lieutenants Pike and Parr volunteered to 
find the front line. It was raining and hailing as they 
took off, but in the midst of this storm they flew for 
over an hour at fifty meters from the ground, passing 
through the friendly barrage and hostile machine gun 
fire, and brought back the desired information. 

On October 13, 1918, at about 10:30 p.m., the 90th 
received a telephone message from G2 that it was 
reported that an armistice had been signed, but that 
no order had yet been issued to suspend hostilities. 
The Squadron celebrated the news in a fitting manner. 
Next morning an advance was scheduled to take place 
northwest of Cunel. The weather was so foggy that 
no plane was able to ascend until about noon, when 
Lieutenants Carver and Lindstrom decided to go up 
if possible and see whether the war was really over 
or not. On reaching the vicinity of Brieulles the 
weather was found to be fairly clear, and they started 
to stake the lines. While flying at about fifty meters 
from the ground the gas tank was pierced by a bullet, 



46 




Where Vaquois Was {Argonne-Meuse Sector) 



which first carried away the speaking tube, but the 
Salmson's rubber covered gas tank made it possible 
to drop messages to the 5th Division at Montfaucon 
and to the 3rd Corps at Rampont, and to land on the 
field at Souilly before all the gas had leaked out. It 
was decided that if the war was over, the Boches in 
the Bois de Foret had not yet been notified of the fact. 

On October 21 the 3rd Corps Commander sent an 
urgent request for a plane to ascertain whether prepa- 
rations were being made by the enemy to counter- 
attack. Lieutenants Broomfield and Cutter volun- 
teered. They were seen to cross the lines at about 
fifty meters altitude, flying in irregular course to dodge 
machine gun fire. A balloon observer saw them dis- 
appear for a few minutes, then reappear at about the 
same altitude. At 11:15 o'clock he saw the plane 
suddenly lurch and crash out of control the short dis- 
tance to the ground. It fell in "No Man's Land," 
near Cote 299, northeast of Cunel, and both pilot and 
observer were killed instantly. As our lines advanced, 
both their remains and the ruins of the plane were 
found and identified. 

On October 28, Lieutenants Conover and Burger 
went out on a very difficult Infantry contact mission 
over Hill 360, east of the Meuse. Visibility was bad, 
and they were forced to fly at fifty meters, as the 
Infantry were too busy to put out their panels. They 
detected six enemy machine gun nests which seemed 
to be holding up the American advance, and dived at 
them repeatedly, firing several hundred rounds of am- 
munition. Four of these machine gun nests were 
abandoned and the other two silenced. In the course 



47 



of this action the plane was riddled with bullets, and 
Lieutenant Conover was wounded twice, two of the 
bullets tearing a large hole in his right knee. He suc- 
ceeded, however, in effecting a safe landing near Con- 
senvoye, and Lieutenant Burger immediately tele- 
phoned in his information. 

Lieutenants Greist and Borden had a very exciting 
trip together. They went up late in the afternoon 
on an Infantry contact mission and were attacked by 
three Fokkers. These they drove off, but in the delay 
it had become almost dark. They staked the lines and 
were about to return home when a six-star rocket 
exploded in the plane, which immediately took fire. 
Lieutenant Greist headed for the ground, but Lieu- 
tenant Borden grasped the flaming rocket in his hand 
and threw it from the plane. Then with the Pyrene 
can he extinguished the blaze in the fuselage and 
shouted to his pilot that they could return to the field, 
where Lieutenant Greist made a safe landing by flares. 

On October 31, Lieutenants Bovard and Foster were 
on a reconnaissance of the enemy lines north of Aincre- 
ville, flying at about 100 meters, when they found 
themselves over several hostile strong points. A single 
gun opened on them and they retired behind our lines 
with a few bullet holes. Uncertain, however, whether 
it was a friendly or hostile gun which had fired, they 
entered once more and this time were fired on from 
all sides by every gun within range. The only direc- 
tion clear was directly away from home, so the plane 
was forced to proceed several kilometers into hostile 
territory before it could swing around the dangerous 
spot and retire. The engine was irreparably injured 



48 



I 


m 


■ 


I 


L- 


■ 


■ 




M 


K'- 


■ 


i 


m 


f 


~': 


k 


U 


m 






m 


■ 


m. 


mi. 






by bullets in the radiator and oiling system, but com- 
pleted the trip back to the field before giving out 
entirely. 

Lieutenants Neidecker and Lake, on November 3, 
flew a general reconnaissance for the 17th French 
Corps. They penetrated the enemy lines so far that 
they went entirely off their map, but flying at 200 
meters they picked up much information which they 
were able to locate on the map after their return. At 
one point they saw a train of nineteen cars moving 
along a siding, filled with troops. They dived and 
raked the whole length of it with machine gun bullets. 

On the morning of November 1 the main offensive 
was renewed west of the Meuse. A thick mist and 
light rain made it seemingly impossible for a plane to 
take off without danger of crashing. It was of utmost 
importance, however, that the location of our lines be 
ascertained. Lieutenants Grelst and Burger volun- 
teered for this mission. When they took off, the fog 
was so thick that they were forced to just skim the 
ground, relying on their intimate knowledge of the 
sector to find their way to the lines. They ran the 
risk of running Into hills in their blindness, and were 
almost constantly in their own barrage. Without any 
protection they penetrated five kilometers behind the 
German lines, and returned with valuable information 
as to the disposition of the enemy Artillery and Infan- 
try. They flew along the barrage lines just over the 
heads of our Infantry so that Lieutenant Burger could 
stake our lines. The ship was so tossed about by the 
concussion of bursting shells underneath that both 
pilot and observer were made very sick. Finishing 



49 



their mission successfully, they landed at an aerodrome, 
delivered their information, and set off once more in 
the fog for home. This was the only mission carried 
out over the sector that day, and brought the Divi- 
sional Commander the only information he received 
as to the location of his front lines, and all the infor- 
mation was later verified. 

Both Lieutenant Greist and Lieutenant Burger were 
recommended for the Medal of Honor for extraor- 
dinary heroism. 

The following Military Decorations have been con- 
ferred on Officers of the 90th Aero Squadron: 

Distinguished Service Cross 
Second Lieut. Valentine J. Berger (with oak leaf). 
First Lieut. Harvey Conover. 
First Lieut. E. Harold Greist. 
First Lieut. Wilbert E. Kinsley. 
First Lieut. William O. Lowe. 
Second Lieut. Fred A. Tillman. 

Legion of Honor 
Second Lieut. Fred A. Tillman. 

Croix de Guerre 
First Lieut. Morton B. Adams. 
Second Lieut. Valentine J. Burger (with palm). 
First Lieut. Harvey Conover. 
Second Lieut. Alexander Grier. 
Second Lieut. Horace A. Lake (with palm). 
Maj. William G. Schauffler, Jr. 
Second Lieut. Fred A. Tillman (with palm). 

Aero Club of America Medal of Honor 
First Lieut. Harvey Conover. 




SEVEN UP 

IN the choice of an insignia the Squadron was for- 
tunate. It is a rule of the Air Service that no 
Squadron shall have an insignia until it has seen three 
months' service at the Front. The time for the 90th 
to adopt one came while it was stationed at Ourches. 
There was a frenzied fortnight of verbal strife between 
parties supporting different designs. No one is quite 
clear as to the reasons which led to the triumph of 
the dice. Some claim that it was through the influence 
of certain members who through this symbol cornered 
the money market after every pay day. 

Whatever the cause, this insignia, first used by Cap- 
tain Schauffler while with the First Aero Squadron, 
became the emblem of the 90th, and in short order 
all the planes of the Squadron blossomed out with red 
dice twelve by twelve, with white eyes. Whatever 
way the dice are read they come " Seven." That this 
was a lucky emblem the multitude of successful mis- 
sions and seven official victories In the air, prove. 
Other Squadrons cried for replacements, but the dice 
of the 90th brought her veterans through with but 
very few casualties, only one plane being lost over the 
lines, which is probably a unique record among Squad- 
rons which saw an equal period of service at the front. 



51 



COMBAT REPORTS — CONFIRMATIONS 

THE first question an aviator asks of any old 
acquaintance whom he has not seen for some time 
is, "Get any Boches lately?" This shows the tendency 
to give great importance in aerial work to combats, 
to getting a " Hun." In the case of Observation 
Squadrons this emphasis is wrongly placed, since the 
measure of success of such a Squadron is measured not 
in terms of combats but in terms of accurate informa- 
tion brought back and this means dodging battles 
instead of seeking them. None the less, accuracy with 
a machine gun is an essential accomplishment both for 
pilots and observers and a good record against the 
Fokkers is certainly something to be proud of. In 
its five months on the front the 90th engaged in over 
twenty-five aerial battles, practically all of which were 
in the last two months, as it was very rare to see a 
Boche plane in the St. Mihiel sector before the drive 
of September 12. As a result of these combats the 
Squadron was credited officially with the destruction 
of seven enemy planes, in addition to which several 
others were in fact brought down, and in all these 
combats lost but one plane, which may have been 
brought down from the ground. The records which 
follow give some idea of the odds at which our men 
always fought and of one part of the danger which 
awaited them on a large proportion of their missions. 
On September 20, 1918, Lieutenant Hart, Pilot, 
and Lieutenant Grier, Observer, while acting as protec- 



52 



don for another observation plane, were engaged in 
the following combat west of Dampvitoux in the St. 
Mihiel sector at 17:44 o'clock. While flying above 
in the rear of the observation plane, Lieutenant Grier 
sighted a single enemy plane flying below him, within 
the German lines, and at an altitude of about 200 
meters. The Boche did not attack, but manoeuvered 
suspiciously to attract attention. Expecting a ruse of 
some sort, Lieutenant Grier began to watch the sky 
above him, especially a white puff of cloud within the 
enemy lines, at the same time moving his guns into a 
position ready to meet an attack from that direction. 
They were flying at about 800 meters, when suddenly 
three Fokkers shot out from the cloud at an altitude 
of about 1000 meters and dived to attack from the rear, 
firing as they came. Lieutenant Grier held his fire 
until he had a good range and then opened up on 
the leader. He saw his tracer bullets hit the enemy 
plane in several places, and then saw the plane go 
into a vertical dive with smoke pouring from the motor 
and fuselage. He watched it fall until a second Fok- 
ker came down upon him, which he succeeded in driving 
off with sixty or seventy well-directed shots from his 
Lewis gun. The enemy craft then gave up the fight 
and disappeared among the clouds behind their own 
lines. The plane, in which were Lieutenants Grier and 
Hart, also bore several marks of battle. Wings, tail 
and fuselage were punctured by bullets, several having 
passed within a few inches of the observer, and one 
severing a brace wire on the rudder. 



53 



Order of Confirmation. 
HEADQUARTERS AIR SERVICE, FIRST ARMY 
American Expeditionary Force 

France, September 27, 1918. 
General Orders 
No. 10 

Extract 
2. Second Lieut. F. H. Hart, Pilot, and A. T. Grier, 
Observer, 90th Aero Squadron, 3rd Corps Observation Group, 
are hereby credited with the destruction in combat of an enemy 
airplane in the region of Dampvitoux at 800 metres altitude, 
on September 20, 1918, at 17:45 o'clock. 

By Order of Colonel Mitchell, 

T. DeW. MILLING, 
Col., A.S. U.S.A., Chief of Staff. 
OFFICIAL: 

M. P. KELLEHER, Major. 

Lieut. W. G. Schauffler, Pilot, and Lieut. Morton 
B. Adams, Observer, while dropping newspapers to 
our troops along the southern edge of the Bois de 
Dannevoux, on October 1, 1918, were attacked by 
eight Fokker chasse planes at an altitude of 500 meters. 
The Hun, employing his usual method of attack, came 
down from the rear on their tail, firing as they dived. 
The third plane to attack succeeded in cutting away 
the horns on the right elevator, thus rendering the 
right elevator control wire useless. Lieutenant Adams 
in the meantime had been pouring a stream of bullets 
into the second, third and fourth enemy planes as they 
came down on him in quick succession. It was on 
the fourth Boche that his bullets took vital effect. 
This plane was seen to issue a great cloud of black 



54 



smoke, turn sharply to the right, and start rapidly 
towards the earth and in the direction of the German 
lines. As he watched for an instant the downward 
course of the enemy looked more and more as if the 
Fokker were in flames and out of control. The 
remaining four planes overhead claimed his attention 
by their manoeuvering but did not attack again, even 
when Lieutenant Schauffler turned his plane toward the 
German lines. During this fight Lieutenant Adams 
observed a new type of German cocarde. One of the 
Hun machines bore, instead of the customary black 
Maltese cross, a circle on the wings in which a very 
small cross was painted. 

Order of Confirmation. 

HEADQUARTERS AIR SERVICE, FIRST ARMY 
American Expeditionary Force 

France, October 23, 1918. 
General Orders 
No. 20. 

Extract 
13. First Lieuts. W. G. Schauffler, Jr., and Morton B. 
Adams, 90th Aero Squadron, 3rd Observation Group, are 
hereby credited with the destruction in combat of an enemy 
Fokker in the region of Dannevoux, at 500 meters altitude, on 
October 1, 1918, at 5 :00 o'clock (p.m.). 

By Order of Colonel Milling. 

W. C. SHERMAN, 
Lieut. Col., A.S. U.S.A., Chief of Staff. 
OFFICIAL: 

H. S. STURGIS, 

Second Lieut., A.S. U.S.A., Adjutant. 



55 



Lieut. W. E. Kinsley, Pilot, and Lieut. W. O. Lowe, 
Observer, while on an Infantry liaison mission in the 
vicinity of Cunel, on October 7, 1918, at an altitude 
of 300 to 600 meters, sighted eight hostile planes north 
of Cunel. They watched these planes until they dis- 
appeared, and then approached the southern end of 
the Bois du Foret, where Lieutenant Lowe called for 
our lines by Very pistol signals. They then turned 
south and crossed the Cunel-Brleulles road, where they 
were attacked by the eight Fokkers previously seen, 
which dived suddenly from a cloud over their right 
wing. Two Germans opened fire immediately at a 
range of 150 meters and came Into thirty meters. 
Lieutenant Lowe opened fire on the first one, directing 
tracers Into the motor, which caused the Boche to stop 
firing Immediately. Lieutenant Lowe then turned his 
guns on the second plane, which was only about 75 
meters away, and which approached to within thirty- 
five meters of the Salmson's tail, when he viraged off, 
exposing his entire lower side. Lieutenant Lowe took 
advantage of the opportunity and, firing a quick burst, 
saw several tracers enter the fuselage under the pilot's 
seat. The result was quickly seen, for the Hun started 
to fall, out of control. At this moment the first plane 
to attack was seen to hit the ground in a vertical nose 
dive at point 1 1.7-85.4, just east of Cunel. Two more 
planes followed up the attack of their fallen leaders, 
both firing at the same time, but from the respectful 
range of 300 meters. Lieutenant Lowe then engaged 
the nearest of them and directed several tracers Into the 
fuselage, whereupon they withdrew and rejoined the 
remnants of their formation. Two more planes still 



56 




'Dead Man's Hill" {Meuse Sector) 



higher manoeuvered for position, but were unsuccess- 
ful and did not attack. 

This first incident over, Lieutenant Kinsley with- 
drew a short distance into friendly territory and 
watched the enemy out of sight. Then they returned 
to their mission, but were immediately pounced upon 
by six hostile scouts, who manoeuvered to attack from 
their right rear. Lieutenant Lowe opened fire at 400 
meters, but seeing that they were watched, the enemy 
withdrew to the north. 

The effect of the Boche machine gun fire was not 
serious. One bullet had punctured the rudder, three 
had passed through the right elevator, and one through 
the left elevator. 

Order of Confirmation. 

HEADQUARTERS AIR SERVICE, FIRST ARMY 
American Expeditionary Force 

France, October 23, 1918. 
General Order 
No. 20. 

Extract 
18. Second Lieuts. W. E. Kinsley and W. O. Lowe, 90th 
Aero Squadron, 3rd Observation Group, are hereby credited 
with the destruction, in combat, of an enemy Fokker, in the 
region of Cunel, at 400 meters altitude, on October 7, 1918, at 
12:30 o'clock. 

By Order of Colonel Milling. 

W. C. SHERMAN, 
Lieut. Col., A.S. U.S.A., Chief of StafF. 
OFFICIAL: 

H. S. STURGIS, 

Second Lieut., A.S. U.S.A., Adjutant. 



57 



Lieut. Harvey Conover, Pilot, and Lieut. V. J. 
Burger, Observer, while engaged in a dangerous In- 
fantry contact mission with the 17th French Army 
Corps, east of the Meuse, near Sivry, on October 10, 
1918, were attacked three times during the same flight 
by enemy chasse patrols. The first, a patrol of five, 
attacked vigorously, and only by clever manoeuvering 
was Lieutenant Conover able to keep his plane so 
placed that Lieutenant Burger could fire effectively. 
The result of this first attack, however, was the crash- 
ing of one plane and the driving off of the remaining 
four. Returning then to their mission, they were 
again attacked on two different occasions, but by good 
flying and good shooting in a running fight, they were 
able to hold the enemy off and complete an important 
mission. 

The American plane, after this series of combats, 
was riddled with bullets, wires were cut, spars split, 
and ribs damaged. In fact, so many parts were 
broken or damaged that the plane was declared unsafe 
for further flying and had to be salvaged. Bullets had 
also passed through Lieutenant Burger's flying suit, 
but no injury had been done to pilot or observer. 

Order of Confirmation. 

HEADQUARTERS AIR SERVICE, FIRST ARMY 

American Expeditionary Force 

France, October 23, 1918. 
General Order 
No. 20. 

Extract 
29. First Lieut. Harvey Conover and Second Lieut. V. J. 
Burger, 90th Aero Squadron, 3rd Corps Observation Group, 



58 



are hereby credited with the destructoin, in combat, of an 
enemy Fokker, in the region of Sivry sur Meuse, at 500 meters 
altitude, on October 10, 1918, 16:45 o'clock. 
By Order of Colonel Milling. 

W. C. SHERMAN, 
Lieut. Col, A.S. U.S.A., Chief of Staff. 
OFFICIAL: 

H. S. STURGIS, 

Second Lieut., A.S. U.S.A., Adjutant. 

On October 22, 1918, Lieut. B. C. Neidecker, Pilot, 
and Lieut. Horace Lake, Observer, were sent across 
the lines to drop a note concerning the whereabouts 
of Lieutenants Broomfield and Cutter, who had been 
missing since undertaking a dangerous mission the pre- 
ceding day. At 15:15 o'clock, at 1000 meters over 
Clery-le-Grand, and when just in the act of dropping 
the message container, they were attacked by seven 
Boche planes. The first dived straight on their tail, 
using the unmistakable incendiary bullets. Lieutenant 
Lake opened fire immediately and succeeded in sending 
the machine down in a vrille with smoke pouring from 
the fuselage. A second Fokker dived immediately 
and viraged off at a distance of about 100 meters. At 
that moment both of Lieutenant Lake's magazines 
were empty and, as a third Fokker was attacking, he 
called to Lieutenant Neidecker, who immediately put 
his plane in a straight nose dive, followed by the Ger- 
man, who was shooting as he came. During the dive. 
Lieutenant Lake replaced his empty magazines, and 
when Lieutenant Neidecker straightened out, opened 
fire at his pursuer. Immediately the fire was opened 
the Fokker turned off and flew back into his own lines. 



59 



The entire fight lasted four minutes, and this plane 
was the only allied plane over the sector at the time. 

Order of Confirmation. 

HEADQUARTERS AIR SERVICE, FIRST ARMY 

American Expeditionary Force 

^ , /-, , France, November 2, 1918. 

Cjeneral Order 

No. 22. 

Extract 

8. First Lieutenant B. C. Neidecker and Second Lieut. 

H. A. Lake, 90th Aero Squadron, 3rd Observation Group, are 

hereby credited with the destruction, in combat, of an enemy 

Fokker, in the region north of the Bois de Foret, west of Clery, 

at 1000 meters altitude, October 22, 1918, 3:40 p.m. 

By Order of Colonel Milling. 

W. C. SHERMAN, 

Lieut. Col., Chief of Staff. 

H. S. STURGIS, 

Second Lieut., Adjutant. 

On November 4, 1918, while performing an Infan- 
try contact mission, Lieut. L. E. Rohrer, Pilot, and 
Lieut. A. T. Foster, Observer, in one plane, and Lieut. 
W. E. Kinsley, Pilot, with Lieut. L. M. Hall, Ob- 
server, in another plane as protection, were attacked by 
seven Fokkers. Four enemy planes singled out Lieu- 
tenants Rohrer and Foster, while the other three con- 
centrated on Lieutenants Kinsley and Hall. It was 
about 15:35 o'clock and both observation planes were 
flying at about 300 meters. Lieutenant Foster and his 
pilot saw the scouts just as they approached the Foret 
de Dienlet, high overhead, and turned south. As they 
turned, the Boche split their formation and came down 
to attack both planes. Three of the enemy, attacking 



60 



Lieutenant Rohrer, came down on his tail to within 
100 meters, Lieutenant Foster in the meantime firing 
about eighty rounds from each gun. The leader 
dropped suddenly and disappeared from sight behind 
a wing, going down out of control. The two follow- 
ing did not approach so closely, but fired a considerable 
number of rounds and then turned off. Lieutenants 
Rohrer and Foster then made another attempt to find 
the lines, but were met by two Fokkers, with whom 
they exchanged shots with no apparent effects. Re- 
turning for the third time to try for the lines they 
were met by nine Fokkers, attacking from above and 
to the left. Unfortunately, Lieutenant Foster's guns 
jammed after a few rounds and it was necessary for 
them to try and get away. The enemy planes fol- 
lowed them for about a kilometer and forced them 
down to within about 100 meters of the ground before 
the observer's guns were in action again and he could 
turn them off with his fire. Lieutenant Rohrer then 
attempted to go home, but two more Huns arrived 
and forced them several kilometers west of Mont- 
faucon, in a running fight, while his observer continued 
to keep tracers sufficiently close to the enemy pilots to 
prevent their closing in on them. 
Order of Confirmation. 

HEADQUARTERS AIR SERVICE, FIRST ARMY 
American Expeditionary Force 

^ , ^ France, November 19, 1918. 

General Orders 

No. 28. 

Extract 

33. First Lieuts. L. E. Rohrer and A. T. Foster, 90th Aero 

Squadron, 3rd Observation Group, are hereby credited with the 



61 



destruction, in combat, of an enemy Fokker, in the region of 
Foret de Dienlet, at 300 meters altitude, on November 4, 1918, 
at 14:10 o'clock. 

By Order of Colonel Milling. 

W. C. SHERMAN, 
Lieut. Col., G.S. U.S.A., Chief of Staff. 
OFFICIAL: 

H. S. STURGIS, 

First Lieut., A.S., Adjutant. 

Lieuts. John S. Young and V. J. Burger, while on 
a reconnaissance of the 90th Division sector on Novem- 
ber 3, 1918, had the following interesting combat with 
a single enemy Fokker over Stenay, at 15:30 o'clock. 
They arrived over Stenay at an altitude of 300 meters 
and saw four hostile planes, which circled back Into 
the German lines while they turned south toward their 
own. Three times they flew over the town of Stenay, 
and each time were chased away by the four Boches, 
who did not fire a shot but seemed content to chase 
only. On the fourth trip over the town they were 
attacked vigorously by a single Fokker of the latest 
type — D VII. The Boche was a daring flyer and an 
excellent shot. His endeavors to get under their tail 
and to turn them back Into the German lines were 
unsuccessful, however. Finally he resorted to the old 
diving method, and approached to within twenty 
meters on their left side. In viraging off he exposed 
his entire under side for an Instant and then It was that 
Lieutenant Burger filled his motor, body, wings, and 
the under side of the fuselage with both tracer and 
ordinary bullets. The German's manoeuver was fatal 
to him, and he fell off In a slow loose vrllle toward the 
ground. 



62 



The statement that the Boche was an excellent shot 
was borne out by an examination of the American plane 
after landing. Six bullets had pierced the right wing, 
two had punctured the gas tank, six had gone through 
the tall, one had split the propeller, and one put out 
the wireless generator. One bullet had passed through 
Lieutenant Burger's combination suit, just missing his 
leg. 

Interest was added to this combat by the fact that 
the Boche pilot bore on his plane five vertical white 
stripes, proclaiming him five times an ace. His excel- 
lent ability as a flier and his accurate shooting might 
well bear out the evidence. 

Order of Confirmation. 

HEADQUARTERS AIR SERVICE, FIRST ARMY 
American Epeditionary Force 

France, November 17, 1918. 
Special Orders 
No. 27. 

Extract 
18. First Lieut. John S. Young and Second Lieut. V. J. 
Burger, 90th Aero Squadron, 3rd Observation Group, are 
hereby credited with the destruction, in combat, of an enemy 
Fokker in the region south of Stenay, at 300 meters altitude, on 
November 3, 1918, at 16:35 o'clock. 

By Order of Colonel Milling. 

W. C. SHERMAN, 
Lieut. Col., G.S. U.S.A. 
OFFICIAL: 

H. S. STURGIS, 

First Lieut., AS. U.S.A., Adjutant. 



63 



OTHER COMBATS OF THE 90th AERO 
SQUADRON 

Lieutenants M. O. White and J. C. Sherrick, at 
11:25 o'clock on September 26, 1918, while on a 
surveillance mission over Bois de Forges, at 300 
meters, were engaged in combat with six Fokker 
scouts. Their plane was untouched and none of their 
shots seemed to take effect on the enemy. 

Lieuts. John Livingston and Pressley B. Shuss, while 
on an Infantry liaison mission over Sivry s/Meuse, on 
September 26, 1918, at 150 meters altitude, were met 
by six Fokker scouts. The enemy did not succeed in 
getting into position to attack. Lieutenant Shuss* fire 
appeared to be very accurate but he did not succeed 
in bringing the enemy down. 

Lieuts. W. B. Schauffler, Jr., and Fred A. Tillman, 
while on a reconnaissance from Forges to Dannevoux, 
on September 26, 1918, at 300 meters altitude, met a 
patrol of twelve enemy scouts. Five manoeuvered for 
position but only one attacked, which Lieutenant 
Schauffler drove off with fire from his forward gun. 
No hits were made by either pilot. 

On September 28, 1918, Lieuts. H. R. Ellis and 
H. L. Borden, while flying over Brieulles, on a recon- 
naissance mission, at an altitude of 250 meters, met six 
Fokker scouts. Inviting combat several times, they 
were finally attacked from two sides but drove the 



64 




Clouds from the Air {St . Mihiel Sector) 
"Till the Boches Fljtthe Heavens No More- 
Southeast OF Brieulles 



enemy off by well-directed machine gun fire. Time, 
12:50 o'clock. 

While performing a reconnaissance mission on Sep- 
tember 29, 1918, 300 meters over the Bois de Forges, 
Lieut. F. H. Hart, Pilot, and Lieut. A. T. Grier, 
Observer, were fired upon by a Breguet, presumably 
flown by the enemy. The fire was returnd without 
result. Time, 7 :00 o'clock. 

Lieut. Leland M. Carver, Pilot, and Lieut. Gustaf 
T. Lindstrom, Observer, while flying over the Bois 
de Cote Lemont at an altitude of 500 meters, at 7:23 
o'clock, October 2, 1918, engaged in a running fight 
with two groups of enemy scouts. FiVe planes at- 
tacked in the first group and four in the second. Ap- 
parently no shots took effect from either side. 

Lieut. John Livingston, Pilot, and Lieut. H. L. 
Borden, Observer, while about to commence an Artil- 
lery reglage on a hostile battery in the Bois de Chaume, 
at 11:40 o'clock, October 3, 1918, in company with 
two protection planes, were attacked at 800 meters 
altitude by nine enemy Fokkers. The Boche dived on 
the formation from the clouds. Lieutenant Borden 
opened a hot fire on the attacking planes with appar- 
ently good results. His plane suffered no damage. 

Lieut. H. H. Cowle, Pilot, and Lieut. Walter 
Frances, Observer, while acting as protection for the 
above reglage plane, took part in the same fight. Lieu- 
tenant Frances fired over 200 rounds at the enemy, 
several tracers taking effect in the wings and fuselage 
of the hostile planes. One enemy plane was seen to 
fall, but recovered after falling 50 meters. The 
American plane was not damaged. 



65 



Lieut. Loren Rohrer, Pilot, with Lieutenant Vinson, 
Observer, also took part in the above engagement. 
Lieutenants Rohrer and Vinson, being the rear plane 
in the formation, were the principal targets of the 
enemy. Lieutenant Vinson fired 100 rounds from his 
guns with apparently good effect, and saw several bul- 
lets hit the enemy. He saw one plane start to fall, 
but had no time to watch it down. His plane was 
riddled with bullets, brace wires cut, and the upper 
wing set on fire by incendiary bullets. 

Flying over Bois de Lartelle, on a reconnaissance 
mission, at 9:00 o'clock on October 5, 1918, at 800 
meters altitude, Lieut. Norris E. Pierson, Pilot, and 
Lieut. Van B. Hayden, observer, engaged five enemy 
Fokkers in a running fight. About thirty-five rounds 
were fired by Lieutenant Hayden without apparent 
effect. Due to the fine speed and manoeuvering abil- 
ity of the Salmson, the Boches could not get into a 
good attacking position. 

Lieutenants Pierson and Hayden, at 9 :20 o'clock, 
on October 10, 1918, while flying on an Infantry con- 
tact mission over Cunel, met four Fokkers, who dived 
and opened fire. Some of our Spads then put the 
enemy to flight. 

While flying over Fountaine at 7 :05 o'clock, Octo- 
ber 21, 1918, and performing an Infantry contact mis- 
sion at 300 meters altitude. Lieutenant Hart, Pilot, 
and Lieutenant Grier, Observer, engaged in combat 
with an enemy Rumpler biplane, which was apparently 
out to locate the Boche front line. After making sev- 
eral attacks upon the Rumpler, they succeeded in forc- 
ing him to quit his mission and to leave the vicinity. 



6G 



Lieut. W. E. Kinsley, Pilot, and Lieut. A. E. Parr, 
Observer, while on a special reconnaissance to Villers 
devant Dun, at 13:20 o'clock, on the 29th of October, 
1918, at 300 meters altitude, were attacked by two 
Fokker scouts. Beating them off with machine gun fire, 
the Americans turned and gave chase, following the 
Boches to Aincreville, firing as often as possible. The 
enemy fire shattered one strut and broke a spar in the 
aileron of the lower right wing. One of the enemy 
was seen to be hit, but not out of control. 

Flying as protection for another observation plane, 
Lieut. W. E. Kinsley, Pilot, and Lieut. L. M. Hall, 
Observer, while flying over the Font de Dienlle at 600 
meters altitude on November 4, 1918, were attacked 
by five enemy scouts. The enemy fire was very poor, 
but Lieutenant Hall by good shooting forced the enemy 
to turn off and retire. Time, 14:15 o'clock. 

Lieut. E. H. Greist, Pilot, and Lieutenant Borden, 
Observer, while returning from a reconnaissance mis- 
sion in the vicinity of Brandville at 12:48 o'clock on 
November 4, 1918, at 500 meters altitude, were being 
heavily archied when they were suddenly attacked by 
a single black Fokker, who got a position on their tail. 
Lieutenant Borden opened fire at the Boche as he 
dived and saw his bullets entering the fuselage and 
passing all around the enemy plane. Three times the 
Fokker attacked, but the last two times he veered off 
as Lieutenant Borden's tracers began to flash by him. 
The Salmson suffered considerable damage, fifteen bul- 
lets having passed through the plane, piercing the oil 
tank, wings and fuselage. 

While on a reconnaissance mission near Fontaine at 



67 



11:10 o'clock on November 6, 1918, Lieut. Marshall 
G. Lee, Pilot, and Lieut. H. W. Phillips, Observer, 
were attacked by a group of four Fokkers, one plane 
leaving the formation to attack them. Lieutenant 
Phillips opened fire, and the Boche at once turned away 
and returned to his own lines. No damage was done 
to the Salmson. 




68 



NINETIETH SONGS 

During the stay of the Ninetieth across the big pond 
experience was gained in many lines of activity. Many 
composers, soloists, and mixers of rare harmony were 
developed. Many of the long evenings were passed 
in song about the mess table after Corn Willy and 
his cohorts had been vanquished. The words to most 
of the songs were written by members of the Ninetieth 
and the tunes used were confiscated from all sources as 
a wartime necessity. It would take a volume to print 
them all, so only the most popular ones have been 
inserted here. 

HAPPY LANDINGS, NINETIETH! 
(Tune: "Alma Mater," Cornell) 

Flying low o'er Verdun's trenches, 

'Midst the shot and shell, 
A pair of dice our lucky emblem. 

Give the Huns more hell. 

Chorus 
Tails up and flying any weather, 

Where'er the call may be, 
Happy landings, Ninetieth Squadron, 

Hail, all hail to thee! 

Far above the noise of battle, 

Dodging Archies' fire. 
Taking photos far in Hunland, 

That's our heart's desire! (Shout LIKE HELL!) 

Ninetieth ties can ne'er be broken, 

Wherever we may fly, 
Friendships formed in face of danger, 

They can never die. 

Where'er the coming years may find us, 

Whate'er the fates prevail. 
Memories of our comrades bind us 

And we'll never fail. 



69 



THE FESTIVE AIRMEN 

We're going to blind the enemy, so all the papers say; 
We fly the festive Liberty, we're missing the next day; 
A bullet in our gas tank, we kiss the world good-by; 
They say its for democracy, and we fall from the sky. 

Chorus 

For we're the airmen, the festive airmen, 

Perhaps we never should have flown, for our ships were made at home. 

For we're the airmen, the festive airmen, 

We invite you all to come and fly the ship called Liberty. 

We are a bunch of ambusques, so all the doughboys say; 
We live a life of luxury and draw our flying pay; 
We fly up to their trenches, and when we're overhead, 
They point their machine guns at us and fill us full of lead. 

Chorus. 

We like to see the regular, who has a J.M.A., 

Sit in his cozy dugout with one-half extra pay; 

He tells us how to fight the war, for he shot on a sleeve. 

And if we bring down all the Boche, we may get three days' leave. 

Chorus. 

We get into a scrap each day, six Fokkers on our tail, 
We see the tracers streaming by, they shoot away our tail; 
We bring old Fritzie down in flames, we see him kiss the ground; 
They say for confirmation, " The Archies brought him down." 

Chorus. 

For we're the airmen, the festive airmen. 

Perhaps we never should have flown, for our ships were made at home; 

For we're the airmen, the festive airmen. 

We invite you all to come and fly the ship called Liberty. 



70 



OH, THEY SAY TRUE LOVE IS A BLESSING 

Oh, they say true love is a blessing. 

It's a blessing I never could see, 
For the only girl that I ever loved. 

Has just gone back on me. 
She has gone, let her go, God bless her; 

She is mine where e'er she may be; 
She can search this wide world over, but — 

She'll have to fly like hell to catch me! 

Oh, I've looked at the girls in New York, 

In London and gay Paree. 
And the one conclusion that I have got. 

There are other little fishes in the sea. 
She has gone, let her go, God bless her, 

For I am far across the sea 
She wanted to marry a tin soldier, but — 

A Home Guard I never could be. 



TODAY IS MONDAY 

Today is Monday, today is Monday, Monday bullets. Oh, you dirty 
Germans, we wish the same to you. 

Today is Tuesday, today is Tuesday, Tuesday's Archies, Monday's bul- 
lets ; oh, you dirty Germans, we wish the same to you. 

Today is Wednesday, today is Wednesday, Wednesday's onions, Tues- 
day's Archies, Monday's bullets; oh, you dirty Germans, we wish 
the same to you. 

Today is Thursday, today is Thursday, Thursday Fokkers, Wednesday 
onions, Tuesday's Archies, Monday's bullets. Oh, you dirty 
Germans, we wish the same to you. 

Today is Friday, today is Friday, Friday side-slips, Thursday's Fokkers, 
Wednesday's onions, Tuesday's Archies, Monday's bullets. Oh, 
you dirty Germans, we wish the same to you. 

Today is Saturday, today is Saturday, Saturday's hospital, Friday side- 
slips, Thursday's Fokkers, Wednesday's onions, Tuesday's 
Archies, Monday's bullets. Oh, you dirty Germans, we wish the 
same to you. 

Today is Sunday, today is Sunday, Sunday's funerals, Saturday's hos- 
pitals, Friday's side-slips, Thursday's Fokkers, Wednesday's 
onions, Tuesday's Archies, Monday's bullets. Oh, you dirty 
Germans, we wish the same to you. 



71 



OH, NINETY, BRAVE NINETY! 
(Tune: "Lord GeoflFrey Amherst") 

Oh, the men of the Ninetieth they came across the sea, 

To fight in a far country; 
To the Germans and the Austrians they didn't do a thing, 

In the air of this great country, 

In the air of this great country; 
For the honor of the Ninetieth they fought with all their might, 

For they were airmen tried and true, 
And they brought down all the Albatross that came within their sight. 

And they straffed the German lines when they were through. 

Chorus 

Oh, Ninety, brave Ninety, it's a name known to fame in days of war, 
May she ever be glorious, till the Boches fly the heavens no more! 



I WANT TO GO HOME! 

I want to go home, I want to go home; 
The guerre it is fini, my francs they are too. 
We're stuck in a mud hole with nothing to do. 
We've finished with tempting the fates — 
We want to go back to the States ! 
Oh, my! Who the hell wants to fly? 
We want to go home ! 

We want to go home, we want to go home ; 

We've burned all our wood and can't find any more, 

The wind whistles up through the cracks in the floorj 

There are leaks in the barracks roof, too; 

We'll all get pneumonia or " flu." 

Oh my! We don't want to die, 

We want to go home! 

We want to go home, we want to go home; 

We can't get our pay checks, we've spent all our kale, 

And day after day never get any mail. 

If you like this damned country, then stay! 

Send 7ne back to the old U. S A. 

Oh, Oui ! Old Broadway for me — 

I want to go home! 



72 




^ ^ 



u u 




PERSONNEL OF SQUADRON 

AN Observation Squadron is a complex organiza- 
. tion, and it was found impossible to give much 
space in the history to the changes which this organiza- 
tion underwent without making it an unwieldy and 
unreadable mass of detail. It was one of the causes 
of our success, however, that the right men filled the 
right places; the results accomplished by a mission over 
the front are as much the work of the mechanics who 
have kept the plane in condition to fly, as of the pilot 
and observer who actually perform it. Every man 
in the Squadron has played a part in the game, and 
all have played it with an enthusiasm and pride in their 
work which has marked the 90th wherever it has been 
as a Squadron which could accomplish things. 

The organization underwent very few changes dur- 
ing its duty at the front, and it is probably due to 
this fact that there were so few casualties, as the pilots 
and observers of the various planes understood each 
other through long association, and the crews showed 
a very fine spirit, taking the liveliest interest in their 
work. Following is the organization of the flights at 
the two most important points of the Squadron's exist- 
ence — St. Mihiel, and Verdun — and the rest of the 
enlisted personnel and roster of officers is given as at 
the time of the armistice : 



73 



PERSONNEL OF 90th SQUADRON DURING ST. MIHIEL OFFENSIVE 

Commanding Officer — Lieut. Schauffler, Lieut. Gallop (acting until September IS) 

Adj utant — Lieut. Hackett 

Operations Officer — Lieut. Adams 



Pilot 
1—Lt. White (Flight 

Commander) 
2 — Lt. Livingston 
3— Lt. Cowle 
4 — Lt. Conover 
5— Lt. Hart 
6 — Lt. Dorrance 



"A" Flight 
Sgt. 1st CI. York, in charge of hangar 

Observer Crew Chief Assistant 



Lt. Sherrick Chf. Hunsacker 



Lt. Shuss 
Lt. Francis 
Lt. Burger 
Lt. Grier 



Chf. Auten 
Chf. De Baun 
Chf. O'Connell 
Chf. Tiller 



Pvt. Antosh 

Pvt. 1st CI. Pino 
Pvt. 1st CI. McWhirter 
Pvt. Blackledge 
Pvt. 1st. CI. Stone 



Sgt. 1st CI. Chev7 Pvt. Bertonz 



" B " Flight 
Sgt. 1st CI. Blake, in charge of hangar 

Observer Creix: Chief Assistant 

Sgt. Goodman 



Pilot 

7— Lt.Greist (Flight Lt. Tillman 

Commander) 

8— Lt. Neidecker Lt. Lake Sgt. Medlin 

9— Lt. Ellis Lt. Borden Chf. Grice 

10— Lt. Kinsley Lt. Lowe Sgt. Cargill 

11— Lt. Bovard Lt. Sullivan Sgt. Clifton 

12— Lt. Carver Lt. Lindstrom Chf. Farrand 



Pvt. 1st CI. King 

Pvt. 1st CI. Buckley 
Cpl. Barton 
Pvt. IstCl. Killman 
Pvt. 1st CI. Kendricks 
Cpl. Bunning 



" C " Flight 
Sgt. 1st CI. Johnson, in charge of hangar 



Pilot Observer 

13— Lt. Pierson (Flight Lt. Haydon 
Commander) 



14— Lt. Lee 
15— Lt.Rohrer 
16— Lt. Pike 
17— Lt. Gallup 
18— Lt. Young 
19— Lt. Broomfield 



Lt. Waldon 
Lt. Vinson 
Lt. Parr 

Lt. Bogle 
Lt. Cutter 



Creiu Chief 
Chf. 1st CI. Richey 

Sgt. Jaeger 
Chf. Pheiffer 
Sgt. 1st CI. Ford 
Sgt. 1st CI. Van Sickle 
Sgt. Bair 
Pvt. Croft 



Assistant 
Cpl. Carson 

Pvt. Larson 
Pvt. Lackey 
Pvt. De Young 
Pvt. Brickey 
Cpl. Morrow 
Pvt. Tully 



74 



PERSONNEL OF 90th SQUADRON DURING ARGONNE-MEUSE 

OFFENSIVE 

Commanding Officer — Lieut. Schauffler (until October 22), Lieut. Pierson 

Adjutant — Lieut. Lockwood (until October 22), Lieut. Hayden 

Operations Officer — Lieut. Adams (until October 17), Lieut. Tillman (until 

October 22), Lieut. Lowe 

"A" Flight 
Sgt. 1st CI. York, in charge of hangar 



Pilot Obser'ver 

1—Lt. White (Flight Capt. Foster 

Commander) 

2 — Lt. Livingston Lt. Shuss 

3— Lt. Cowle Lt. Francis 

4 — Lt. Conover Lt. Burger 

5 — Lt. Hart Lt. Grier 
6— Lt. Whitehead 



Creiv Chief 
Chf. Hunsacker 

Chf . Auten 
Chf. De Baun 
Chf. O'Connel 
Chf. Tiller 
Sgt. 1st. CI. Chew 



Assistant 
Pvt. Antosh 

Pvt. IstCl.TulIy 
Pvt. Istai.McWhirter 
Pvt. Blackledge 
Pvt. 1st CI. Stone 
Pvt. 1st CI. Pino 



" B " Flight 
Sgt. 1st CI. Blake, in charge of hangar 



Pilot 
7— Lt. Greist (Flight 

Commander) 

8— Lt. Neidecker 

9— Lt. Ellis 

10— Lt. Kinsley 

11— Lt. Bovard 

12 — Lt. Carver 



Observer Cre'VJ Chief 

Lt. Tillman Sgt. Goodman 

Lt. Lake Sgt. Medlin 

Lt. Borden Cpl. Barton 

Lt. Lowe Sgt. Cargill 

Lt. Foster Sgt. Clifton 
Lt. Lindstrom Chf. Farrand 

" C " Flight 



Assistant 
Pvt. 1st CI. King 

Pvt. 1st CI. Buckley 
Pvt. Race 

Pvt. IstCl. Killman 
Pvt. 1st CI. Kendricks 
Cpl. Bunning 



Sgt. 1st CI. Johnson, in charge of hangar 



Pilot Observer 

14 — Lt. Pierson ( Flight Lt. Hayden 
Commander un- 
til October 22) 
IS— Lt. Lee Lt. Walden 

16 — Lt. Rohrer Lt. Vinson 

17— Lt. Pike Lt. Parr 

18 — Lt. Dorrance 
19— Lt. Young ( Flight Lt. Bogle 
Commander, 
Oct. 22-Nov. 11) 
20— Lt. Broomfield Lt. Cutter 



Creiu Chief Assistant 

Chf. 1st CI. Richey Chf. 1st CI. Carson 



Sgt. Jaeger 
Chf. Pheiffer 
Sgt. 1st CI. Ford 
Chf. Craig 
Sgt. Bair 



Cpl. Croft 



Pvt. 1st CI. Larson 
Pvt. 1st CI. Lackey 
Pvt. De Young 
Sgt. Brown 
Cpl. Morrow 



Pvt. 1st CI. Clickner 



75 



ROSTER 

OFFICERS 

Adams, Morton B, . . . . 1st Lieut. F, A., Observer 

817 Stahlman Bldg., Nashville, Tenn. 

Baker, Warren L. 2nd Lieut., Observer 

409 W. Sixth St., Lexington, Ky. 

Black, Asa R, 1st Lieut. A. S., Observer 

Blekre, Ferdinand 1st Lieut. Cav,, Observer 

Lanesboro, Minn. 

Bogle, Henry C. .... 2nd Lieut. F. A., Observer 

843 E. Jefferson Ave., Detroit, Mich. 

Borden, Horace L. » . . . . 2nd Lieut. S. C, Observer 
Suite 26, 204 Hemenway St., Boston, Mass. 

Bovard, James M. .... 1st Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

682 Avenue C, Bayonne, N. J. 

Burger, Valentine J 2nd Lieut. Inf., Observer 

135 Christie St., Leonia, N. J. 

Carver, Leland M 1st Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

American Flying Club, 11 E. 38th St., New York City 

Conover, Harvey 1st Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

Hinsdale, 111. 

Crook, Wilson W. .... 2nd Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

919 Annex Ave., Dallas, Texas 

Derby, Richard .... 1st Lieut. C. A. C, Observer 

Dorrance, George W. . . . 2nd Lieut. A. S., Observer 

9 Courtlandt Place, Houston, Texas 

Elliott, William, Jr 1st Lieut. Cav., Observer 

522 West End Ave., New York City 

Ellis, Henry R 1st Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

Oxford Road, New Hartford, N. Y. 

Foster A. T 1st Lieut. F. A., Observer 

Derby Line, Vt. 

Foster, Harry Capt. Cav., Observer 

113 W. 84th St., New York City 



76 



\ 

Francis, Walter L 2nd Lieut. Inf., Observer 

Glastonbury, Conn. 

Freeman, Harry B 1st Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

Lynnfield Center, Mass. 

Gallop, Harold M Capt. A. S., Pilot 

Langley Field, Va. 

Greist, E. Harold 1st Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

61 N. Clay St., Hinsdale, 111. 

Grier, Alexander T 2nd Lieut. Inf., Observer 

703 N. Division St., Salisbury, Md. 

Hackett, William H. Y 1st Lieut. A. S., Adjt. 

242 Canton Ave., Milton, Mass. 

Hall, Levi M 2nd Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

308 Gramercy Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. 

Hart, Floyd H 2nd Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

Edgevale Orchard, Medford, Ore. 

Harrison, Randolph C. . . . 2nd Lieut. F. A., Observer 

Monroe Terrace, Richmond, Va. 

Hayden, Van B 2nd Lieut. A. S., Observer 

729 Franklin St., Keokuk, Iowa 

Hendricks, T. N 2nd Lieut. F. A., Observer 

Nashville, Ga. 

Hume, Allen P Capt. A. S. 

Washington, D. C. 

Kinsley, Wilburt E 2nd Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

99 Cambridge St., Winchester, Mass. 

Kirschner, Frederick 2nd Lieut. Ord. 

906 Lakeside Place, Chicago, 111. 

Lacy, Clive W 2nd Lieut. Ord., Armament 

16 Harvard Terrace, Boston, Mass. 

Lake, Horace A. .... 2nd Lieut. Inf., Observer 

3528 T St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 

Lee, Marshall G 1st Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

1255 Oak Knoll Ave., Pasadena, Calif. 

Lindstrom, Gustaf T. . . , 2nd Lieut. S. C, Observer 

2025 Sixth Ave., MoHne, 111. 

Livingston, John W. .... 1st Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

1623 Eighth Ave., Moline, 111. 



77 



Livingston, J. J. . . . . 1st Lieut. M. C, Surgeon 

220 W. Ferguson St., Tyler, Texas 

Lockwood, Alan E. . . 1st Lieut, A. S., Engineer and Adit. 
135 East Ave., Norwalk, Conn. 

Looney, Ralph D. . . . 1st Lieut. A. S., Supply Officer 

Calvert, Texas 

Lowe, William G Captain U. S. M. C, Observer 

Fountain City, Knoxville, Tenn. 

McSherry, F. D 

Gordon Bldg., McAlester, Okla. 

Neidecker, Bertrand C 1st Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

Guaranty Trust Co., 140 Broadway, New York City 

O'Connor, Arthur J. . . . 2nd Lieut. A. S., Radio Officer 

127 20th St., Milwaukee, Wis. 

Parr, Arthur E. .... 2nd Lieut. A. S., Observer 

706 E. Bell St., Bloomington, 111. 

Pike, Glenn M 1st Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

American Flying Club, 11 E. 38th St., New York City 

Phillips, Hubert N 1st Lieut. F. A., Observer 

1705 Hague Ave., St. Paul, Minn. 

Pierson, Norris E. ..... Captain A. S., Pilot 

61 Broad St., Stamford, Conn. 

Phinzy, Jack 1st Lieut., A. S. 

Rohrer, Loren E 1st Lieut., A. S., Pilot 

5834 Center Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Schauffler, William G., Jr Major A. S., Pilot 

Care of Air Service, U. S. Army 

Sherrick, John C. .... 1st Lieut. A. S., Observer 

317 E. Broadway, Monmouth, 111. 

Shuss, Pressley B 1st Lieut. A. S., Observer 

Stearns Light & Power Co., Ludington, Mich. 

Simpson, Leslie B. ..... 1st Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

1338 Kellam Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 

Sullivan, Arthur M. . . . 2nd Lieut. F. A., Observer 

Minneapolis, Minn. 

Tillman, Fred A 2nd Lieut. F. A., Observer 

Congressional Offices, Washington, D. C. 



78 



Vinson, Fred L. .... 2nd Lieut. F. A., Observer 

1459 N St., N. W., Washingthon, D. C. 

Walden, Donald M. . . . 2nd Lieut. F. A., Observer 

294 Jefferson Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Wallace, John H 2nd Lieut. A. S., Engineer 

Rockwall, Texas 

White, Merritt 1st Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

Tyngsboro, Mass. 

Whitehead, George W 2nd Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

46 Ashland Ave., Buifalo, N. Y. 

Young, John S. 1st Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

National Life Ins. Bldg., Montpelier, Vt. 



ENLISTED MEN 

Adler, Philip, Pvt. .... Left before active service 
Omaha, Nebr. 

Alhofen, Harry J., Pvt Orderly 

c/o Deisel, 108 Fulton Ave., Greenville, N. J. 

Allman, Orrie Left before active service 

New York City 

Anchors, Roy R Plane Crews 

718 Seventh St., New Kensington, Pa. 

Antosh, Charles, Pvt. 1st CI Plane Crews 

464 28th St., Detroit, Mich, 

Armstrong, Frederick A., Pvt. 1st CI. ... Blacksmith 

201 So. Main St., Kirksville, Mo. 

Auten, Frank B., Chfr Crew Chief 

Highland, HI. 

Baer, Bankard F., Sgt. 1st CI. . . . Armament, C Flight 

Raspeburg, Md. 

Bair, Roy F., Sgt Crew Chief 

The Dalles, Ore. 

Barton, Clyde J., Cpl Crew Chief 

Greenfield, Tenn. 

Bertonz, George C, Pvt. 1st CI Plane Crews 

2059 W. 23rd St., Chicago, 111. 

Billings, Thomas M., Chfr. . . Transportation, ChauflFeur 

111 N. Summit St., Arkansas City, Kans. 



79 



Bittle, Roy L., Sgt. 1st CI Radio, B Flight 

724 S. Liberty St., Independence, Mo. 

Blackledge, LeRoy J., Cpl. Plane Crews 

1232 Philo St., Scranton, Pa. 

Blake, Councell A., Sgt. 1st CI. . In Charge of Crews, B Flight 
Easton, Md. 

Blake, Karl G., Pvt Squadron Office 

Vinton, Ohio 

Bly, Chris M., Pvt. Wireless Operator 

Mount Pocono, Pa. 

Bodvin, William L., Cpl Armament 

1068 E. 27th St., N., Portland, Ore. 

Boersma, Barney, Pvt Left before active service 

667 N. Leonard St., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Boyle, William, Sgt Transportation Mechanic 

Box 818, Billings, Mont. 

Bradley, Harold C, Pvt. 1st CI Orderly 

563 Winewood Ave., Detroit, Mich. 

Brannan, William E., Pvt 

2614 Market St., St. Louis, Mo. 

Brandt, Arthur P., Chfr. . . . Transportation, Chauffeur 
309 Alger St., Saginaw, Mich. 

Braun, Charles H., Pvt Plane Crews 

Houston, Me. 

Brickey, Wilfred, Pvt. 1st CI Plane Crews 

Middlebury, Vt. 

Brochu, Albert J., Pvt Orderly 

Plainfield, Conn. 

Brooks, Lewis R. Squadron Office 

Kutztown, Pa. 

Broome, George S., Chfr. . . . Transportation, Chauffeur 
2956 Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111. 

Brown, George, Pvt. ....... Orderly 

Carrai, 111. 

Brown, Porter J., Sgt Crew Chief 

Seymore, Texas 

Brown, William L., Pvt. . . . Left before active service 
McKinney, Texas 



Brudnicki, Czeslaw, Pvt Squadron, Shoe Maker 

2441 Walton St., Chicago, 111. 

Brunk, Charles E., Pvt Left before active service 

Pomeroy, Wash. 

Buckley, Edward L., Pvt. 1st CI Plane Crews 

56 Main St., Dobbs Ferry, N. Y. 

Bunn, Carl H., Pvt Transportation, Chauffeur 

2417 Commerce St., Dallas, Texas 

Bunning, Adolph J., Pvt., 1st CI Plane Crews 

367 E. Tenth St., Portland, Ore. 

Busch, William V., Sgt. . . . Left before active service 

1082 Harrison Ave., Beloit, Wis. 

Busser, John R., Pvt Left before active service 

632 S. Champion Ave., Columbus, Ohio 

Butler, Joseph F., Sgt E. & R. Shops 

495 N. Commercial St., Salem, Ore. 

Buttrill, Raiford R Left before active service 

Dublin, Texas 

Byrth, Thomas M., Sgt. 1st CI Squadron Office 

629 Rockdale Ave., Avondale, Cincinnati, Ohio 

Cargill, William H., Chfr Crew Chief 

Jonesville, Texas 

Carson, Willard F., Sgt. 1st CI Crew Chief 

Toledo, Ore. 

Chancellor, Abe., Pvt. . . . Transportation, Motorcycle 

Box 92, Snyder, Okla. 

Chew, George A., Sgt. 1st CI Crew Chief 

Santa Clara, Calif. 

Chittenden, Edwin A., Chfr. . . Transportation, Chauffeur 

619 Magnolia Ave., Sandford, Fla. 

Clark, Howard L-, Pvt. . . . Transportation, Chauffeur 

P. O. Box 159, Bellevue, Idaho 

Clickner, Walter G., Chfr Plane Crews 

254 Schermerhorn St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Clifton, Joseph E., Sgt Crew Chief 

838 Sherman St., Johnstown, Pa. 

Collins, Carter, Pvt 

Seymour, Conn. 



81 



Conn, James H., Pvt Transportation, Chauffeur 

701 Owen St., Saginaw, Mich. 

Conner, John A., Chfr. . . . Transportation, Chauffeur 

W. Fourth Ave., Corsicana, Texas 

Connors, James A., Pvt Plane Crews 

372 Chestnut St., Kingstown, Pa. 

Corcoran, Timothy J., Pvt. ...... Orderly 

49 Hedley St., Providence, R. I, 

Craig, Roscoe J., Sgt Crew Chief 

Indianola, Nebr. 

Croft, Lewin R., Pvt. 1st CI Crew Chief 

Box 54, Stephenville, Texas 

Cross, George W., Pvt. .... Left before active service 
Pittsburg, Texas 

Cummins, James W., Sgt. 1st CI Machine Shop 

1016 W. Sears St., Denison, Tex. 

Cummings, Dewey, Pvt Orderly 

1304 Broadway, Mattoon, 111. 

Curry, Alfred E., Cpl Field Office 

Yuma, Colo. 

Davy, Jesse O., Pvt Field Lighting System 

Carlson, N. D. 

De Baun, Fay F., Sgt Crew Chief 

Linton, Ind. 

De Young, Jake R., Pvt Plane Crews 

Rock Valley, Iowa 

Dewey, La Vern I., Pvt. . . . Left before active service 

506 Allen St., Adrian, Mich. 

Dyke, Fred M., Pvt Left before active service 

Gilmer, Texas 

Ebright Victor, Chfr. . . . Transportation, Chauffeur 

2314 Victor St., Bellingham, Wash. 

Emich, William L., Pvt. 1st CI. Cook 

5144 Reisters Town Road, Arlington, Md. 

England, Arlett, Cfr. 1st CI. . . Transportation, Chauffeur 

Athens, Texas 

England, Michael P., Pvt. . . . Left before active service 
Cork, Ireland 



Erickson, Harvey E, Cpl Squadron Office 

112 S. Foster St., Merrill, Wise. 

Farmer, William J., Pvt. 1st CI. . . Transportation, Motorcycle 

321 E. 44th St., So., Portland, Ore. 

Farrand, George E., Chfr Crew Chief 

Pittsfield, 111. 

Field, Floyd C Transportation, Chauffeur 

Thomas, N. M. 

Fitzgerald, Ben T., Pvt. 1st CI Water Supply 

Kemp, Texas 

Fletcher, Ray C, Pvt Left before active service 

25 St. Louis St., Burlington, Vt. 

Ford, Lyle H., Sgt Crew Chief 

Sioux City, Iowa 

Forrest, Harley D., Pvt. . . . Transportation, Chauffeur 

318 W. Park St., Toledo, Ohio 

Frost, George F., Chfr Cook 

801 Hosmer St., Lansing, Mich. 

Franklin, Lex., Chfr. . . . Transportation, Motorcycle 

Eureka, Ind. 

Fridge, Clifford V., Pvt Squadron Office 

Baton Rouge, La. 

Frye, Hershel E E. & R. 

65 W. Pleasant St., Noblesville, Ind. 

Galvin, Thomas J 

510 Seventh St., Bismark, N. D. 

Garett, John S., Cpl Radio, C Flight 

Fifth St., Bernis, Tenn. 

Garwood, Harry W Orderly 

345 Garfield Ave., Cypress, N. Y. 

Gilley, Herbert O., Pvt Cook 

423 Lane St., Waterloo, Iowa 

Giltner, Arthur J., Cook Cook 

Conroe, Texas 

Goodman, Ollen E., Sgt. 1st CI Crew Chief 

1445 College Ave., Clarksville, Texas 

Gottselig, Christian 

802 St. Joseph St., Lancaster, Pa. 



83 



Grammer, George G., Cpl Supply Dept. 

Pittsburg, Texas 

Grant, Ulysses L., Pvt. Cook 

Manteno, 111. 

Greer, Edwin R., M. S. E. . . . Squadron Sergeant Major 
Pittsburg, Texas 

Gregory, Armen, Pvt Orderly 

79J^ Kendall Ave., Detroit, Mich. 

Grice, Olley R., Chfr Crew Chief 

Brookhaven, Miss. 

Griffin, Clinton J., Sgt E. & R. 

Portland, Ore. 

Griffith, James A., Sgt. 1st CI Armament 

Walthill, Nebr. 

Grisso, Henry N., Pvt. ......... 

327 W. Washington St., Springfield, Ohio 

Halm, Louis A., Sgt. 1st CI Machine Shop 

418 Harrison St., Piqua, Ohio 

Halpin, William J., Pvt Bugler 

Chatfield, Minn. 

Hall, Edward J Armament, A Flight 

R. R. No. 5, Battle Creek, Mich. 

Hancock, Hiram R., Cpl. Mail Orderly 

Maysville, Ga. 

Hankins, Walter H., Sgt. 1st CI. . . . Chief of E. & R. 

Castle Rock, Wash. 

Hardesty, Hiram H., Pvt. . . . Transportation, Motorcycle 

R. R. No. 3, Piqua, Ohio 

Harnish, Frank D., Sgt Squadron Office 

O'Neil, Nebr. 

Harrison, Harvey R., Pvt. ......... 

West Salem, 111. 

Harsha, Orlando N., Pvt. 1st CI Radio Operator 

407 N. Seventh St., Vincennes, Ind. 

Harvel, Jess H., Pvt Transportation, Mechanic 

314 W. Maple St., Oklahoma City, Okla. 

Heckle, Charles E., Pvt 

525 Taylor St., Scranton, Pa. 



Hengy, George C, Sgt. . . . Injured and sent to hospital 
Dallas, Texas 

Henry, Aaron W., Cpl E. & R. 

Apollo, Pa. 

Herold, Joseph, Pvt. 

Slater, Wyo. 

Herren, Joseph N., Pvt Orderly 

May, Okla. 

Heiser, Charles W., Pvt Cook 

3125 W. 63rd St., Chicago, 111. 

Higgins, Leon W., Pvt Provost Sergeant 

19508 Chichester Ave., Hollis, L. I., N. Y. 

Hill, Frank T., Chfr Machine Shop 

907 N. Carey St., Bahimore, Md. 

Hill, Louis H., Sgt. 1st CI Mess Sergeant 

2009 Webster St., Oakland, Calif. 

Honeycutt, Baker M., Pvt Plane Crews 

Greenwood, La. 

Horn, Paul, Pvt 

Moose Head, Minn. 

Houtz, Harry L., Pvt. 1st CI Orderly 

213 Schuylkill Ave., Tamaka, Pa. 

Hubbell, Aaron W., Sgt. 1st CI. . . . Chief Radio Operator 
1520 Lincoln Ave., Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, Ohio 

Hughart, Walter, Pvt 

Box 34, Saverton, Mo. 

Hunsaker, Omer L., Chfr Crew Chief 

Golden, 111. 

Hyde, James R., Pvt Transportation 

659 Wellington Ave., Chicago 

Irwin, William, Pvt. 

Gen. Del., Danville, 111. 

Isaacson, Walter S Plane Crews 

2625 Pillsbury Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. 

Jaeger, George H., Sgt Plane Crews 

Iroquois Falls, New Ontario, Canada 

Jones, Robert O., Sgt. 1st CI Supply Sergeant 

Maybank, Texas 



8S 



Johnson, Paul J., Sgt. 1st CI. . . In charge of crews, C Flight 
118 S. Fourth St., Union City, Tenn. 

Justus, Edward C, Chfr. . . . Transportation, Chauffeur 
1107 W. Main St., Urbana, 111. 

Kaake, William R., Pvt Cook 

466 Woodlawn Ave., Detroit, Mich. 

Ketterman, Harry A., Pvt. . . . Left before active service 
30 N. 17th St., Portland, Ore. 

Key, Ellis W., M. S. E Transportation Chief 

Bryan, Ohio 

Killman, William H., Pvt. 1st CI Plane Crews 

15 S. Elwood Ave., Baltimore, Md. 

Kimball, Heber C, Pvt 

Safford, Ariz. 

Kendricks, William G., Pvt. 1st CI Plane Crews 

99 N. Electric Ave., Alhambra, Calif. 

King, Hugh R., Pvt. 1st CI Plane Crews 

112 S. Prospect St., Connelsville, Pa. 

King, Wade C, Sgt. 1st CI Armament Chief 

Mill St., Louisville, Ohio 

Klapsch, Fred., Pvt Left before active service 

399 Howard St., Detroit, Mich. 

Klippstein, Theodore A., Cpl Squadron Office 

Morris, Minn. 

Lackey, Stamie, Pvt. 1st CI Plane Crews 

Hiddenite, N. C. 

Lambert, Lucas A., M. S. E. . . . . . Machine Shop 

North Windsor, Md. 

La Mont, George A. ...... . Orderly 

5728 Julian St., St. Louis, Mo. 

Lane, Clifford H., Cook Cook 

2001 E. Sixth St., Pueblo, Colo. 

Larson, Elmer P., Pvt Plane Crews 

712 Barnes St., Lewistown, Mont. 

Layton, Anthony A., Pvt. 1st CI Orderly 

2209 N. Ninth St., St. Louis, Mo. 

Lekven, Carl, Pvt. 1st CI Orderly 

110 Passaic Ave., Harrison, N. J. 



86 



Lewis, Rufus, Pvt. ••........ 

Springfield, Minn. 

Love, John E., Pvt 

Tompkinsville, Md. 

Loveridge, William G., Sgt Armament, B Flight 

723 E. Arcadia Ave., Peoria, 111. 

Martin, Fred L., Cpl E. & R, 

Mossyrock, Wash. 

McAndrews, Robert S., Pvt. . . Transportation, Motorcycle 

Lane, Idaho 

McCann, Patrick J., Pvt. 1st CI 

189 Whittenton St., Taunton, Mass. 

McDowell, Ralph L., Cook Cook 

647 S. 14th St., Salem, Ore. 

McLay, Charles R., Pvt Cook 

Portland, Ore. 

McReynolds, Thomas R., Pvt, . . Left before active service 

706 Wabash Ave., Ottumwa, Iowa 

McVicar, Clarence V., Pvt. 

Wetumpka, Ala. 

McWhirter, Richard C, Pvt. 1st CI Plane Crews 

306 McBrayer St., Shelby, N. C. 

Mason, Thomas M., Cpl. Supply Dept. 

c/o The Murray Co., Atlanta, Ga. 

Mathieu, Frank, Pvt Squadron Tailor 

7 Chestnut St., Spencer, Mass. 

Medlin, George B., Sgt. 1st CI Crew Chief 

Galatia, 111. 

Meullier, Ray W., Cfr. 1st CI. . . Motorcycle Dispatch Rider 
c/o Dr. Meullier, Vergennes, Vt. 

Miller, Arthur P., Sgt Left for pilot school 

Nelighy, Nebr. 

Mills, Joe, Pvt Left before active service 

Pawhuska, Okla. 

Monahan, James H., Pvt 

4 Cottage St., Marblehead, Mass. 

Morrow, Hoy, Cpl Plane Crews 

Parkville, Mo. 



87 



Mulcahy, Charles R., Pvt. . . . . . . Armament 

98 Cleveland Ave., North Adams, Mass. 

Neuendorf, Pearleao, Pvt 

Essex, Ontario, Canada 

Nerisen, Baldie, Pvt Carpenter 

412 N. Fourth St., Albuquerque, N. M. 

Nolting, Ray E., Pvt Orderly 

4719 Hamraett Pi., St. Louis, Mo. 

O'Connell, Dan P., Sgt. 1st Cl Crew Chief 

22 N. 20th St., Portland, Ore. 

Oehlert, Herschel E., Pvt. . . . Left before active service 
Woodburn, Iowa 

Pfeiffer, Herbert H., Sgt. 1st Cl Crew Chief 

Hooper, Nebt. 

Pino, August J., Pvt. 1st Cl. Plane Crews 

615 Baronne St., New Orleans, La. 

Quandt, Ray J., Pvt. .... Transportation ChauflFeur 

Royalton, Wise. 

Quinn, Harry J., Pvt. .... Came home with Squadron 
2601 W. Third St., Chester, Pa. 

Race, Harold L., Pvt Plane Crews 

106 South Ave., Marshaltown, Iowa 

Raikes, Lawrence W., Pvt Squadron Barber 

R. F. D. "B," Box 216, Bentonville, Kans. 

Rich, David A., M. S. E Machine Shop 

Heard National Bank, Jacksonville, Fla. 

Richardson, Delmer E., Sgt Armament 

Lawrence, Mass. 

Richey, Owen, Chfr. 1st Cl Crew Chief 

Olmsted, 111. 

Sanquist, Evald, Sgt E. & R. Shops 

Natick Ave., Greenwood, R. I. 

Savage, Arthur F., Pvt Orderly 

R. F. D., Box 44, Montague, Mass. 

Scudder, George D., Pvt. Orderly 

83 Broad St., Bethlehem, Pa. 

Sharp, William M., Cpl Field Office 

Philomath, Ore. 



88 



Sill, Roscoe T,, Sgt. 1st CI Transportation 

915 E. 16th St., University Place, Nebr. 

Sload, Charles L., Pvt 

1224 Market St., Harrisburg, Pa. 

Small, Fred W., M. S. E Machine Shop 

Box 891, Nowata, Okla. 

Stacy, Noel C, Pvt Plane Crews 

405 Pendleton Ave,, St. Joseph, Mo. 

Stetson, Henry A., Chfr. 1st CI Transportation 

Pueblo, Colo. 

Stewart, Harold E., Pvt Cook 

Golden, 111. 

St. John, Howard K Left before active service 

1215 W. 40th St., Oklahoma City, Okla. 

Stierwalt, John E., Cook Cook 

Murray, Iowa 

Stone, George T., Pvt Plane Crews 

2728 W. 36th Ave., Denver, Colo. 

Strugatz, Geo. H., Pvt Orderly 

Springfield Ave., Queens, N. Y. 

Swank, John F., Cook Cook 

2509 Everett St., Houston, Texas 

Sytek, Henry F., Cpl Supply Dept. 

737 Sixth St., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Swearengen, Clarence A., Pvt. ........ 

401 Poplar St., West Terre Haute, Ind. 

Taylor, Harold, Pvt Transportation, Motorcycle 

Carson Lake, Minn. 

Tiller, Louin, Sgt Crew Chief 

R. F. D. No. 1, Jones, Okla. 

Tipps, Charles R Transportation 

Canadian, Texas 

Tooher, James C Orderly 

56 Sound Ave., Stamford, Conn. 

Toye, Henry H., Cook Cook 

Broken Arrow, Okla. 

Tully, John L., Pvt. 1st CI Plane Crews 

Dorset, Vt. 



89 



Van Sickle, Arthur W., Sgt Crew Chief 

c/o Maj. Schauffler, Kelly Field, Texas 

Wade, W. Denson, Cpl Supply Dept. 

Cochran, Ga. 

Walsh, Joseph S., Cpl 

Freemansburg, W. Va. 

White, Ira H., Pvt Orderly 

Robinson, Kans. 

Wilson, Herman R 

3611 Howell St., Dallas, Texas 

York, Edwin B., Sgt. 1st CI. . . In Charge of Crews, A Flight 
Port Republic, N. J. 

Zelesnig, Frank, Cook Cook 

San Francisco, Calif. 

MEDICAL DETACHMENT 

Baird, Sanford R Fort Worth Texas 

Daniel, Doog, Pvt Butler, Texas 

Davis, Arthur J., Pvt Florence, Texas 

Dolive, Charles W., Sgt. . . . P. O. Box 12, Oakhurst, Texas 
Kempf, Charles W., Pvt. . . 760 Atlantic Ave., Lancaster, Pa. 
Lindgren, Pete, Pvt. . . Rt. No. 3, Box 31, Vancouver, Wash. 
Love, Hugh C, Pvt. . . 320 E. Third Ave., Gastonia, N. C. 




CASUALTIES 

Officers 

Baldwin, 2nd Lieut., A. S. 

380-B Kane Place, Milwaukee, Wise. 
Killed in railroad wreck, December, 1918 

Broomfield, Hugh 1st Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

527 Tacoma Ave., Portland, Ore. 
Killed in action, October 21, 1918 

Bolt, 1st Lieut. F. A., Observer 

New York City 
Killed in action at Chateau Thierry, with 1st Aero Squadron 

Cook, Harry 2nd Lieut. A. S. 

Killed in railroad wreck, December, 1918 

Cutter, Edward B 1st Lieut. F. A., Observer 

Anoka, Minn. 
Killed in action, October 21, 1918 

Cowle, Harland H 1st Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

164 Poplar St., Conneaut, Ohio 
Died of pneumonia in base hospital, December, 1918 

Hathaway, Edward T 1st Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

Killed in accident, June, 1918 

Maynor, Elbridge W 2nd Lieut. A. S., Observer 

Killed in accident, June, 1918 

Merz, Harold B 1st Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

Killed in accident, December, 1918 

Patterson, A. B 1st Lieut. A. S., Pilot 

438 Franklin Ave., Wilkinsburg, Pa. 
Killed in action, October 29, 1918, with 93rd Aero Squadron 

ENLISTED MEN 

Engdahl, Carl A. ... 42 Mt. Elliott Ave., Detroit, Mich. 

Died of pneumonia, January 27, 1918 

Gipson, Antony W Lawton, Okla. 

Killed in accident, April 29, 1918 



91 



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